The drought and desertification problem refers to the degradation of land in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas, making them less productive. This is often caused by a combination of climatic variations (like prolonged periods of low rainfall, i.e., drought) and human activities (such as overgrazing, deforestation, and unsustainable farming practices). The consequence is a loss of soil fertility, water resources, and biodiversity, which severely impacts ecosystems and the livelihoods of people dependent on the land.