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1. a) Define a rock. A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids.
1. b) Classify the following rocks according to their formation process: | Igneous Rocks | Sedimentary Rocks | Metamorphic Rocks | | :------------ | :---------------- | :---------------- | | | Limestone | |
1. c) Describe ONE feature that distinguishes extrusive igneous rocks from intrusive igneous rocks. Extrusive igneous rocks have a fine-grained or glassy texture due to rapid cooling on the Earth's surface, while intrusive igneous rocks have a coarse-grained texture due to slow cooling beneath the surface.
1. d) Name TWO regions in Kenya where metamorphic rocks are found. • Taita Taveta • Kakamega
1. e) Outline TWO ways in which rocks are useful to Kenyans. • Rocks are used as building materials for houses, roads, and other infrastructure. • Rocks are a source of valuable minerals such as gemstones, industrial minerals, and metallic ores.
1. f) Explain TWO methods used by geographers to study rocks in the field. • Observation: Geographers directly examine rock outcrops to note characteristics like color, texture, mineral composition, and structural features. • Sampling: Geographers collect rock specimens from different locations for detailed analysis in a laboratory, which can include chemical analysis or microscopic examination.
1. g) Name the metamorphic rock formed when each of the following rocks undergoes metamorphism: a) Limestone → Marble b) Shale → Slate c) Sandstone → Quartzite d) Coal → Graphite e) Granite → Gneiss
1. h) State TWO characteristics of sedimentary rocks. • Sedimentary rocks are typically layered or stratified, showing distinct beds or strata. • They often contain fossils of plants and animals, providing evidence of past life.
2. a) Define Geography. Geography is the study of the Earth's landscapes, environments, places, and the relationships between people and their environments.
2. b) Name TWO main branches of Geography. • Human Geography • Physical Geography
2. c) From the activities observed, list ONE that falls under: Human Geography: Observing land use patterns Physical Geography: Observing landforms
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This geography problem is solved step by step below, with detailed explanations to help you understand the method and arrive at the correct answer.