Using the soil texture triangle, determine the percentages of sand, silt, and clay for clay loam and silt loam, and identify a soil with 20% sand, 20% silt, and 60% clay.

a) Clay loam:
Locate the "clay loam" region on the diagram.

• To find the percentage of sand, follow the lines parallel to the right side of the triangle (silt axis). A representative value in the clay loam region is approximately $35\%$ sand.
• To find the percentage of clay, follow the horizontal lines parallel to the bottom of the triangle (sand axis). A representative value in the clay loam region is approximately $35\%$ clay. 1.1.1 a) Clay loam: $35\%$ sand, $35\%$ clay

b) Silt loam:
Locate the "silt loam" region on the diagram.

• To find the percentage of sand, follow the lines parallel to the right side of the triangle (silt axis). A representative value in the silt loam region is approximately $25\%$ sand.
• To find the percentage of clay, follow the horizontal lines parallel to the bottom of the triangle (sand axis). A representative value in the silt loam region is approximately $15\%$ clay. 1.1.1 b) Silt loam: $25\%$ sand, $15\%$ clay

• Plot $20\%$ sand on the bottom axis and follow the line diagonally up-left.
• Plot $60\%$ clay on the left axis and follow the line horizontally right.
• Plot $20\%$ silt on the right axis and follow the line diagonally down-left. The intersection of these lines falls within the clay texture class.

a) Tillability of the soil:
Clay soil is difficult to till because its fine particles make it sticky and plastic when wet, and very hard when dry, requiring significant effort for cultivation.
1.1.2 a) Tillability of the soil: Difficult to till due to stickiness when wet and hardness when dry.

b) Drainage of the soil:
Clay soil has poor drainage because its small particle size leads to very small pore spaces, which restrict the movement of water through the soil.
1.1.2 b) Drainage of the soil: Poor drainage due to small pore spaces and high water retention.

The texture class generally considered ideal for crop cultivation is loam, as it provides a balanced mix of sand, silt, and clay, offering good drainage, water retention, and nutrient availability.
1.1.3 Ideal texture for crop cultivation: Loam