Which winds bring rainfall to East Africa?

21. How do ocean currents affect the climate of an area?
Ocean currents redistribute heat around the globe. Warm currents bring warmer temperatures and increased moisture to coastal areas, while cold currents lead to cooler temperatures and drier conditions.

22. Mention the winds which bring rainfall to E. Africa.
The winds that bring rainfall to East Africa are the South East Trade Winds.

23. What causes wind?
Wind is caused by differences in atmospheric pressure. Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure to equalize the pressure.

24. Mention any one characteristic of a desert climate.
A characteristic of a desert climate is that it is hot and dry throughout the year, with very low precipitation.

25. Study the map and answer the questions that follow.

a) Name the ocean currents marked.

• A: Canary Current (cold)
• B: Benguela Current (cold)
• C: West Wind Drift (cold)
• D: Agulhas Current (warm)

b) Name the climatic regions marked.

• The hatched area (north Africa): Sahara Desert (Arid/Desert climate)
• The dotted area (central-west Africa): Tropical Rainforest (Equatorial climate)

ii) Name the prevailing winds marked.

• E: Northeast Trade Winds
• F: Southeast Trade Winds

27. Mention any one cause of ocean currents.
One cause of ocean currents is wind blowing over the ocean surface, transferring energy to the water.

28. Mention any two signs of climate changes.

• i) Rising global temperatures
• ii) Melting glaciers and ice caps

29. What is global warming?
Global warming is the long-term heating of Earth's climate system due to human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere.

30. How does global warming affect the climate of an area?
Global warming leads to increased average temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns (more intense rainfall or prolonged droughts), more frequent and severe heatwaves, and rising sea levels in coastal areas.