What is Cold war? What was the effect of Cold war era on newly independent states?

Here is the answer to Q1 in English:

The Cold War was a geopolitical rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, lasting from the end of World War II until the early 1990s. It was characterized by ideological conflict (capitalism vs. communism), an arms race, and proxy wars, rather than direct military confrontation between the two superpowers.

Effects of the Cold War era on newly independent states:

• Non-Alignment: Many newly independent states chose not to align with either superpower bloc, forming the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) to maintain their autonomy.
• Economic and Military Aid: These states often received economic and military assistance from both blocs, which helped them in their development but also created dependencies.
• Interference in Domestic Politics: The superpowers frequently interfered in the internal affairs of these nations, supporting favored regimes or opposition groups, leading to instability.