What was the Cold War and why did it happen?
History
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The Cold War (1947–1991) was a geopolitical rivalry between the United States and Soviet Union that never became a direct military conflict.
Why it happened:
- Ideological clash: capitalism/democracy (US) vs communism (USSR)
- Both emerged as superpowers after WWII
- Disagreements over Europe's post-war division
Key events:
- Berlin Wall (1961–1989)
- Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
- Korean War, Vietnam War (proxy wars)
- Space Race (Sputnik 1957, Moon landing 1969)
- Nuclear arms race (MAD doctrine)
It ended with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the fall of communist governments across Eastern Europe.
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