Discuss Kenya's political and economic history focusing on the period 1975-1992. Address key events, challenges to stability, the co-operative movement, multipartyism, and the role of parastatals.

Here are the answers to your questions:

1. Two political events that threatened the stability of Kenya between 1975 and 1978 were:

   • The assassination of J.M. Kariuki in 1975, which led to widespread public unrest.
   • The 'Change the Constitution' movement in 1976, which aimed to prevent Daniel arap Moi from automatically succeeding Jomo Kenyatta.

2. Three problems that the co-operative movement in Kenya has faced since independence are:

   • Mismanagement and corruption of funds by officials.
   • Political interference in their operations.
   • Lack of adequate capital and credit facilities.

3. The factors that led to the introduction of many political parties in Kenya in 1992 include:

   • Internal pressure from pro-democracy activists and opposition groups demanding political pluralism.
   • External pressure from international donors and lending institutions, who tied aid to political reforms and good governance.
   • Economic stagnation and declining living standards, which fueled public discontent with the single-party system.
   • The collapse of communism globally, which weakened the ideological justification for one-party rule.

4. Two contributions of parastatals to the economic development of Kenya are:

   • Provision of essential services such as electricity, water, and transportation, which are crucial for economic activity.
   • Creation of employment opportunities for many Kenyans across various sectors.

5. Two reasons why corruption is being discouraged in Kenya are:

   • It hinders economic development by diverting resources from essential public services and discouraging foreign investment.
   • It erodes public trust in government institutions and promotes inequality.

6. The first vice president of independent Kenya was Jaramogi Oginga Odinga.

7. Two ways in which poor leadership affects sporting activities in Kenya are:

   • Mismanagement and embezzlement of funds, leading to inadequate resources for training, facilities, and athlete welfare.
   • Lack of proper development structures and policies, which stifles talent identification and nurturing from grassroots levels.