What were the main factors leading to European colonization of Africa and details about the Berlin Conference?

Here are the answers to your questions:

17. State three factors that led to the presence of Europeans in Africa. (3 mks)

• a) Search for raw materials for European industries.
• b) Search for markets for manufactured goods.
• c) Desire to spread Christianity and "civilization".
• d) Strategic importance and control of trade routes.
• e) Prestige and power among European nations.

18. State the countries colonized by the following colonial masters. (3 mks)

• Colonial master: Britain Answer: Kenya, Nigeria, Ghana, Egypt, South Africa (any one)
• Colonial master: Belgium Answer: Democratic Republic of Congo
• Colonial master: Portugal Answer: Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau (any one)

19. State four terms of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 on partitioning of Africa. (4 mks)

• a) Any European power claiming a territory in Africa had to notify other European powers.
• b) Claims had to be backed by effective occupation (actual presence and administration).
• c) Freedom of navigation was guaranteed on the Congo and Niger rivers.
• d) European powers committed to suppress the slave trade.
• e) Boundaries were drawn, often disregarding existing African ethnic or political divisions.

20. Name the countries marked ABCDE. (6 mks)

• A: Libya
• B: Egypt
• C: South Sudan
• D: Democratic Republic of Congo
• E: Madagascar
• F: South Africa

21. State three National Values provided in the Constitution of Kenya. (3 mks)

• a) Patriotism
• b) National unity
• c) Rule of law
• d) Democracy
• e) Human dignity
• f) Equity
• g) Social justice
• h) Inclusiveness
• i) Equality
• j) Human rights
• k) Good governance
• l) Integrity
• m) Transparency and accountability
• n) Sustainable development (any three)

22. List down four proofs that the earth is spherical. (4 mks)

• a) Circumnavigation of the Earth by ships and aircraft.
• b) Ships appearing mast first over the horizon.
• c) The circular shadow of the Earth cast on the Moon during a lunar eclipse.
• d) Satellite images of the Earth.
• e) Different time zones across the globe.

23. Identify the following parts of internal structure of the earth. (2 mks)

• The outermost layer is the Crust.
• The layer between the crust and the outer core is the Mantle.
• The innermost layer is the Inner core.

24. Describe three factors that contributed to the presence of African Diasporas across the World. (3 mks)

• a) The Transatlantic Slave Trade, which forcibly moved millions of Africans to the Americas and Caribbean.
• b) Colonialism and post-colonial migration for economic opportunities, education, or political reasons.
• c) Conflicts and political instability in various African countries, leading to refugee movements.
• d) Voluntary migration for better economic prospects, education, or family reunification.