What were the main rules of the Charter of Madina and who were the groups living in Madina at that time?

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The main rules of the Charter of Madina included establishing a unified community (Ummah), ensuring religious freedom for all groups, mutual defense against external threats, and designating Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) as the final authority in disputes. At that time, the groups living in Madina were the Muslims (Muhajirun and Ansar), Jews (including tribes like Banu Qaynuqa, Banu Nadir, and Banu Qurayza), and polytheists.