Taking the value of the earth as 6370km and pi as (22)/(7).

1. Taking the value of the earth as 6370km and $\pi$ as $\frac{22}{7}$.

a) Calculate the shortest distance between two cities P($34^\circ N, 27^\circ E$) and Q($34^\circ N, 12^\circ E$) along the parallel of latitude.

i) In Nautical Miles (NM)

Step 1: Identify the given coordinates and constants.
Latitude ($\phi$) for both P and Q is $34^\circ N$.
Longitude of P is $27^\circ E$.
Longitude of Q is $12^\circ E$.
Radius of Earth ($R$) = 6370 km.
$\pi = \frac