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A particle moves in a straight line. Its velocity, v m/s, at time t seconds is given by v = 3t² − 10t + 8. Find the distance traveled by the particle between t = 1 second and t = 3 seconds.

Mathematics

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Answer

6227 m\frac{62}{27} \text{ m}

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Problem: A particle moves in a straight line. Its velocity, v m/s, at time t seconds is given by v = 3t² - 10t + 8.
Find the distance traveled by the particle between t = 1 second and t = 3 seconds.

Solution (continued):

  1. Calculate the position of the particle at the start, end, and critical points using s(t)=t3−5t2+8ts(t) = t^3 - 5t^2 + 8t.

    We had:

    s(1)=13−5(1)2+8(1)=1−5+8=4 ms(1) = 1^3 - 5(1)^2 + 8(1) = 1 - 5 + 8 = 4 \text{ m}

    Continuing with s(4/3)s(4/3):

    s(4/3)=(43)3−5(43)2+8(43)s(4/3) = \left(\frac{4}{3}\right)^3 - 5\left(\frac{4}{3}\right)^2 + 8\left(\frac{4}{3}\right) s(4/3)=6427−5(169)+323s(4/3) = \frac{64}{27} - 5\left(\frac{16}{9}\right) + \frac{32}{3} s(4/3)=6427−809+323s(4/3) = \frac{64}{27} - \frac{80}{9} + \frac{32}{3}

    To combine these, find a common denominator, which is 27:

    s(4/3)=6427−80×39×3+32×93×9s(4/3) = \frac{64}{27} - \frac{80 \times 3}{9 \times 3} + \frac{32 \times 9}{3 \times 9} s(4/3)=6427−24027+28827s(4/3) = \frac{64}{27} - \frac{240}{27} + \frac{288}{27} s(4/3)=64−240+28827=11227 ms(4/3) = \frac{64 - 240 + 288}{27} = \frac{112}{27} \text{ m}

    Now, calculate s(2)s(2) and s(3)s(3):

    s(2)=23−5(2)2+8(2)=8−5(4)+16=8−20+16=4 ms(2) = 2^3 - 5(2)^2 + 8(2) = 8 - 5(4) + 16 = 8 - 20 + 16 = 4 \text{ m} s(3)=33−5(3)2+8(3)=27−5(9)+24=27−45+24=6 ms(3) = 3^3 - 5(3)^2 + 8(3) = 27 - 5(9) + 24 = 27 - 45 + 24 = 6 \text{ m}
  2. Calculate the absolute displacements for each interval and sum them to find the total distance.

    The critical points are t=4/3t = 4/3 and t=2t = 2. The intervals are [1,4/3][1, 4/3], [4/3,2][4/3, 2], and [2,3][2, 3].
    Displacement for [1,4/3][1, 4/3]:

    ∣s(4/3)−s(1)∣=∣11227−4∣=∣11227−10827∣=∣427∣=427 m|s(4/3) - s(1)| = \left|\frac{112}{27} - 4\right| = \left|\frac{112}{27} - \frac{108}{27}\right| = \left|\frac{4}{27}\right| = \frac{4}{27} \text{ m}

    Displacement for [4/3,2][4/3, 2]:

    ∣s(2)−s(4/3)∣=∣4−11227∣=∣10827−11227∣=∣−427∣=427 m|s(2) - s(4/3)| = \left|4 - \frac{112}{27}\right| = \left|\frac{108}{27} - \frac{112}{27}\right| = \left|-\frac{4}{27}\right| = \frac{4}{27} \text{ m}

    Displacement for [2,3][2, 3]:

    ∣s(3)−s(2)∣=∣6−4∣=∣2∣=2 m|s(3) - s(2)| = |6 - 4| = |2| = 2 \text{ m}

    Total distance traveled:

    Distance=427+427+2\text{Distance} = \frac{4}{27} + \frac{4}{27} + 2 Distance=827+2\text{Distance} = \frac{8}{27} + 2 Distance=827+5427\text{Distance} = \frac{8}{27} + \frac{54}{27} Distance=6227 m\text{Distance} = \frac{62}{27} \text{ m}

    The total distance traveled by the particle between t=1t = 1 second and t=3t = 3 seconds is 6227 m\boxed{\frac{62}{27} \text{ m}}.

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