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A point M(a; b) lies on the line y = x + 1. M is the center of a circle that passes through K(5; 7) and R(6; 0). Find the coordinates of M and the radius of the circle.

Mathematics

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  1. Solve Question 1.1

    M(a;b)(a; b) is a point on the line y=x+1y = x + 1. To write bb in terms of aa, substitute the coordinates of M into the equation of the line.

    b=a+1b = a + 1

    The expression for bb in terms of aa is b=a+1\boxed{b = a + 1}.

  2. Solve Question 1.2

    To calculate the coordinates of M(a;b)(a; b), we use the fact that M is the center of the circle and K(5;7)(5; 7) and R(6;0)(6; 0) are points on the circle. This means the distance from M to K is equal to the distance from M to R (both are the radius, rr).

    MK2=MR2MK^2 = MR^2 (a−5)2+(b−7)2=(a−6)2+(b−0)2(a-5)^2 + (b-7)^2 = (a-6)^2 + (b-0)^2

    Expand both sides:

    (a2−10a+25)+(b2−14b+49)=(a2−12a+36)+b2(a^2 - 10a + 25) + (b^2 - 14b + 49) = (a^2 - 12a + 36) + b^2

    Subtract a2a^2 and b2b^2 from both sides:

    −10a−14b+74=−12a+36-10a - 14b + 74 = -12a + 36

    Rearrange the terms:

    2a−14b+38=02a - 14b + 38 = 0

    Divide by 2:

    a−7b+19=0(∗)a - 7b + 19 = 0 \quad (*)

    Substitute b=a+1b = a + 1 (from Step 1) into equation (∗)(*):

    a−7(a+1)+19=0a - 7(a + 1) + 19 = 0 a−7a−7+19=0a - 7a - 7 + 19 = 0 −6a+12=0-6a + 12 = 0 −6a=−12-6a = -12 a=2a = 2

    Now substitute a=2a = 2 back into b=a+1b = a + 1:

    b=2+1b = 2 + 1 b=3b = 3

    The coordinates of M are (2;3)\boxed{(2; 3)}.

  3. Solve Question 2

    Given that the coordinates of M are (2;3)(2; 3), we need to calculate the length of the radius of the circle. K(5;7)(5; 7) is a point on the circle. The radius rr is the distance MK.
    Using the distance formula:

    r=(xK−xM)2+(yK−yM)2r = \sqrt{(x_K - x_M)^2 + (y_K - y_M)^2} r=(5−2)2+(7−3)2r = \sqrt{(5 - 2)^2 + (7 - 3)^2} r=(3)2+(4)2r = \sqrt{(3)^2 + (4)^2} r=9+16r = \sqrt{9 + 16} r=25r = \sqrt{25} r=5r = 5

    The radius of the circle is 5 units\boxed{5 \text{ units}}.

  4. Solve Question 3

    Determine the equation of the tangent to the circle at K(5;7)(5; 7), given M(2;3)(2; 3) is the center.
    First, find the gradient of the radius MK:

    mMK=yK−yMxK−xMm_{MK} = \frac{y_K - y_M}{x_K - x_M} mMK=7−35−2m_{MK} = \frac{7 - 3}{5 - 2} mMK=43m_{MK} = \frac{4}{3}

    The tangent line at K is perpendicular to the radius MK. The gradient of the tangent line, mtangentm_{tangent}, is the negative reciprocal of mMKm_{MK}.

    mtangent=−1mMKm_{tangent} = -\frac{1}{m_{MK}} mtangent=−143m_{tangent} = -\frac{1}{\frac{4}{3}} mtangent=−34m_{tangent} = -\frac{3}{4}

    Now, use the point-slope form of a linear equation, y−y1=m(x−x1)y - y_1 = m(x - x_1), with point K(5;7)(5; 7) and mtangent=−34m_{tangent} = -\frac{3}{4}.

    y−7=−34(x−5)y - 7 = -\frac{3}{4}(x - 5) y−7=−34x+154y - 7 = -\frac{3}{4}x + \frac{15}{4}

    Add 7 to both sides:

    y=−34x+154+7y = -\frac{3}{4}x + \frac{15}{4} + 7

    Convert 7 to a fraction with denominator 4: 7=2847 = \frac{28}{4}.

    y=−34x+154+284y = -\frac{3}{4}x + \frac{15}{4} + \frac{28}{4} y=−34x+434y = -\frac{3}{4}x + \frac{43}{4}

    The equation of the tangent is y=−34x+434\boxed{y = -\frac{3}{4}x + \frac{43}{4}}.

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