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A set of numbers is given as 2, 5, 4, 8, 3, 6, x, 9, 5, 4, 7. If the mode is 5, find the value of x, the median, and the lower and upper quartiles.

Mathematics

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Answers

4 parts
a

5\text{5}

b

5\text{5}

c

4\text{4}

7\text{7}

d

3\text{3}

Step-by-step solution

10 steps

The given set of numbers is $2, 5, 4, 8, 3, 6, x, 9, 5, 4, 7$.
The mode is given as 5.

Part a· 2 steps

To find the value of xx

  1. Count the frequency of each number in the given set.

    The numbers are $2, 5, 4, 8, 3, 6, x, 9, 5, 4, 7$.
    Frequencies:
    2: 1
    3: 1
    4: 2
    5: 2
    6: 1
    7: 1
    8: 1
    9: 1

  2. Determine xx based on the mode.

    Since the mode is 5, it must be the number that appears most frequently. Currently, 4 and 5 both appear twice. For 5 to be the unique mode, xx must be 5.

    x=5x = 5

    The value of xx is 5\boxed{\text{5}}.

Part b

5\text{5}

To find the median

  1. Substitute x=5x=5 into the set and arrange the numbers in ascending order.

    The set becomes $2, 5, 4, 8, 3, 6, 5, 9, 5, 4, 7$.
    Sorted set: $2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9$.

  2. Find the total number of data points (nn) and the median position.

    There are 11 numbers, so n=11n=11.
    The median is the (n+12)\left(\frac{n+1}{2}\right)-th term.

    Median position=11+12=122=6th\text{Median position} = \frac{11+1}{2} = \frac{12}{2} = 6^{\text{th}}
  3. Identify the median from the sorted set.

    The 6th6^{\text{th}} term in the sorted set is 5.
    The median is 5\boxed{\text{5}}.

Part c

4\text{4}

To find the lower and upper quartiles

  1. Use the sorted data and the median.

    Sorted data: 2,3,4,4,5,5‾,5,6,7,8,92, 3, 4, 4, 5, \underline{5}, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. (Median is underlined)

  2. Find the lower quartile (Q1Q_1).

    Q1Q_1 is the median of the lower half of the data (excluding the median itself for an odd nn).
    Lower half: 2,3,4,4,52, 3, 4, 4, 5. There are 5 terms.

    Q1 position=5+12=3rdQ_1 \text{ position} = \frac{5+1}{2} = 3^{\text{rd}}

    The 3rd3^{\text{rd}} term in the lower half is 4. So, Q1=4Q_1 = 4.

  3. Find the upper quartile (Q3Q_3).

    Q3Q_3 is the median of the upper half of the data (excluding the median itself).
    Upper half: 5,6,7,8,95, 6, 7, 8, 9. There are 5 terms.

    Q3 position=5+12=3rdQ_3 \text{ position} = \frac{5+1}{2} = 3^{\text{rd}}

    The 3rd3^{\text{rd}} term in the upper half is 7. So, Q3=7Q_3 = 7.
    The lower quartile is 4\boxed{\text{4}} and the upper quartile is 7\boxed{\text{7}}.

Part d

3\text{3}

To find the interquartile range (IQR)

  1. Use the calculated lower and upper quartiles.

    Q1=4Q_1 = 4 and Q3=7Q_3 = 7.

  2. Calculate the IQR.

    IQR=Q3−Q1\text{IQR} = Q_3 - Q_1 IQR=7−4=3\text{IQR} = 7 - 4 = 3

    The interquartile range is 3\boxed{\text{3}}.

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