A student's CGPA recorded from their academic transcript is best classified as......... (a) Qualitative and discrete (b) Nominal and categorical (c) Ordinal only (d) Quantitative and continuous

Here are the answers to the questions: 6. A student's CGPA recorded from their academic transcript is best classified as (d) Quantitative and continuous. • CGPA is a numerical measure that can take any value within a given range (e.g., 3.25, 3.255), making it continuous. 7. A customer satisfaction rating scale (Very Dissatisfied to Very Satisfied) is an example of (a) Ordinal data. • Ordinal data has a natural order or ranking among categories, but the differences between categories are not necessarily equal or precisely measurable. 8. When the same observation, such as a student ID, appears twice in a dataset, this data problem is called (c) A duplicate record. • A duplicate record occurs when an entire row or a key identifier for an observation is repeated in a dataset. 9. Gender recorded inconsistently as 'M', 'Male', 'male' and 'MALE' in the same column is an example of (c) An inconsistent format. • This refers to variations in how the same categorical data is entered, making it difficult to analyze consistently. 10. The first rule of tidy data, as developed by Hadley Wickham, states that (a) Each variable forms its own column. • Tidy data principles emphasize that each variable should have its own column, each observation its own row, and each type of observational unit its own table. 11. Recording '25/Male' in a single spreadsheet cell violates the tidy data principle that (c) One piece of information should be stored per cell. • This cell contains two distinct pieces of information (age and gender), which should ideally be in separate cells/columns for tidiness. 12. The type of statistical analysis that seeks to explain WHY something occurred, such as the causes of a sales decline, is called (d) Diagnostic analysis. • Diagnostic analysis focuses on understanding the root causes of past events or outcomes. 13. The classic example of ice cream sales and drowning deaths both rising in the summer illustrates the danger of confusing (d) Correlation with causation. • While both may increase simultaneously (correlation), one does not directly cause the other; they are both influenced by a third factor (warm weather). That's 2 down. 3 left today — send the next one.