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Calculate the result of the matrix multiplication Ax where A = [[6, 2, 4], [-1, 4, 3], [-2, 9, 3]] and x = [[4], [-2], [1]].

Mathematics

ScanSolve AI Answer

Step 1: Write the augmented matrix for the system Ax=cA\mathbf{x} = \mathbf{c}.

[6244143−2−2931]\left[ \begin{array}{ccc|c} 6 & 2 & 4 & 4 \\ 1 & 4 & 3 & -2 \\ -2 & 9 & 3 & 1 \end{array} \right]

Step 2: Swap row 1 (R1) and row 2 (R2) to get a leading 1 in position (1,1).

[143−26244−2931]\left[ \begin{array}{ccc|c} 1 & 4 & 3 & -2 \\ 6 & 2 & 4 & 4 \\ -2 & 9 & 3 & 1 \end{array} \right]

Step 3: Eliminate column 1 below the pivot: R2 ←\leftarrow R2 −6- 6R1; R3 ←\leftarrow R3 +2+ 2R1.

R2: [6−6(1), 2−6(4), 4−6(3) ∣ 4−6(−2)]=[0, −22, −14 ∣ 16][6-6(1),\ 2-6(4),\ 4-6(3)\ |\ 4-6(-2)] = [0,\ -22,\ -14\ |\ 16]

R3: [−2+2(1), 9+2(4), 3+2(3) ∣ 1+2(−2)]=[0, 17, 9 ∣ −3][-2+2(1),\ 9+2(4),\ 3+2(3)\ |\ 1+2(-2)] = [0,\ 17,\ 9\ |\ -3]

[143−20−22−14160179−3]\left[ \begin{array}{ccc|c} 1 & 4 & 3 & -2 \\ 0 & -22 & -14 & 16 \\ 0 & 17 & 9 & -3 \end{array} \right]

Step 4: Simplify row 2: Divide R2 by −2-2 to get R2 ←−12\leftarrow -\frac{1}{2}R2.

[0, 11, 7 ∣ −8][0,\ 11,\ 7\ |\ -8]

[143−20117−80179−3]\left[ \begin{array}{ccc|c} 1 & 4 & 3 & -2 \\ 0 & 11 & 7 & -8 \\ 0 & 17 & 9 & -3 \end{array} \right]

Step 5: Eliminate column 2 below the pivot: Multiply R2 by 17 and R3 by 11, then subtract.

17 ×\times R2: [0, 187, 119 ∣ −136][0,\ 187,\ 119\ |\ -136]

11 ×\times R3: [0, 187, 99 ∣ −33][0,\ 187,\ 99\ |\ -33]

New R3 ←\leftarrow 17R2 −- 11R3: [0, 0, 20 ∣ −103][0,\ 0,\ 20\ |\ -103]

[143−20117−80020−103]\left[ \begin{array}{ccc|c} 1 & 4 & 3 & -2 \\ 0 & 11 & 7 & -8 \\ 0 & 0 & 20 & -103 \end{array} \right]

Step 6: Back-substitute starting from the bottom.

From R3: 20x3=−103  ⟹  x3=−1032020x_3 = -103 \implies x_3 = -\frac{103}{20}

Substitute into R2: 11x2+7(−10320)=−811x_2 + 7\left(-\frac{103}{20}\right) = -8

11x2−72120=−811x_2 - \frac{721}{20} = -8

11x2=−8+72120=−16020+72120=5612011x_2 = -8 + \frac{721}{20} = -\frac{160}{20} + \frac{721}{20} = \frac{561}{20}

x2=56120×11=561220=5120x_2 = \frac{561}{20 \times 11} = \frac{561}{220} = \frac{51}{20}

Substitute into R1: x1+4(5120)+3(−10320)=−2x_1 + 4\left(\frac{51}{20}\right) + 3\left(-\frac{103}{20}\right) = -2

x1+20420−30920=−2x_1 + \frac{204}{20} - \frac{309}{20} = -2

x1−10520=−2x_1 - \frac{105}{20} = -2

x1=−2+10520=−4020+10520=6520=134x_1 = -2 + \frac{105}{20} = -\frac{40}{20} + \frac{105}{20} = \frac{65}{20} = \frac{13}{4}

The solution is x=[x1x2x3]=[1345120−10320]\mathbf{x} = \begin{bmatrix} x_1 \\ x_2 \\ x_3 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{13}{4} \\ \frac{51}{20} \\ -\frac{103}{20} \end{bmatrix}.

[1345120−10320]\boxed{\begin{bmatrix} \dfrac{13}{4} \\[1em] \dfrac{51}{20} \\[1em] -\dfrac{103}{20} \end{bmatrix}}
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