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Complete the table. Find (i) the number of crosses needed for pattern 45, (ii) the nth term for the sum of crosses and dots.
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2 partsStep-by-step solution
8 stepsPart a· 3 steps
Analyze the pattern for the number of dots.
Pattern 1: 1 dot ()
Pattern 2: 4 dots ()
Pattern 3: 9 dots ()
This sequence is . For pattern 4, the number of dots is . This is already given in the table.Analyze the pattern for the number of crosses.
Pattern 1: 5 crosses
Pattern 2: 8 crosses
Pattern 3: 11 crosses
This is an arithmetic progression with a common difference .
The formula for the -th term is .
Here and .
So, .
For pattern 4, the number of crosses is .Analyze the pattern for the sum of crosses and dots.
Pattern 1:
Pattern 2:
Pattern 3:
For pattern 4, the sum is .The completed table is:
pattern 1 2 3 4 number of dots 1 4 9 16 number of crosses 5 8 11 14 sum of crosses and dots 6 12 20 30
Part b(i)
Use the -th term formula for the number of crosses derived in part (a), which is .
Substitute into the formula.
The number of crosses needed for pattern 45 is .
Part b(ii)
Analyze the sequence for the sum of crosses and dots
6, 12, 20, ...
Find the first differences: , .
Find the second differences: .
Since the second difference is constant, the -th term is a quadratic sequence of the form .Determine the coefficients , , and .
For a quadratic sequence, , so .
The first term of the first differences is , so .
The first term of the sequence is , so .Write the -th term.
The -th term for the sum of crosses and dots is .
The -th term for the sum of crosses and dots is .
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