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Convert the circle equation 4x2 + 4y2 − 6x + 10y − 1 = 0 to standard form and find its center and radius.

Mathematics

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Answer

(34,−54)\left(\frac{3}{4}, -\frac{5}{4}\right)

384\frac{\sqrt{38}}{4}

Step-by-step solution

5 steps
  1. Rewrite the equation in standard form.

    The given equation of the circle is 4x2+4y2−6x+10y−1=04x^2 + 4y^2 - 6x + 10y - 1 = 0.
    To convert this to the standard form (x−h)2+(y−k)2=r2(x-h)^2 + (y-k)^2 = r^2, where (h,k)(h,k) is the center and rr is the radius, first divide the entire equation by 4:

    x2+y2−64x+104y−14=0x^2 + y^2 - \frac{6}{4}x + \frac{10}{4}y - \frac{1}{4} = 0 x2+y2−32x+52y−14=0x^2 + y^2 - \frac{3}{2}x + \frac{5}{2}y - \frac{1}{4} = 0
  2. Group the x-terms and y-terms and move the constant to the right side.

    (x2−32x)+(y2+52y)=14(x^2 - \frac{3}{2}x) + (y^2 + \frac{5}{2}y) = \frac{1}{4}
  3. Complete the square for both the x-terms and y-terms.

    To complete the square for x2−32xx^2 - \frac{3}{2}x, add (12⋅−32)2=(−34)2=916(\frac{1}{2} \cdot -\frac{3}{2})^2 = (-\frac{3}{4})^2 = \frac{9}{16}.
    To complete the square for y2+52yy^2 + \frac{5}{2}y, add (12⋅52)2=(54)2=2516(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{5}{2})^2 = (\frac{5}{4})^2 = \frac{25}{16}.
    Add these values to both sides of the equation:

    (x2−32x+916)+(y2+52y+2516)=14+916+2516(x^2 - \frac{3}{2}x + \frac{9}{16}) + (y^2 + \frac{5}{2}y + \frac{25}{16}) = \frac{1}{4} + \frac{9}{16} + \frac{25}{16}
  4. Rewrite the expressions as squared terms and simplify the right side.

    (x−34)2+(y+54)2=416+916+2516(x - \frac{3}{4})^2 + (y + \frac{5}{4})^2 = \frac{4}{16} + \frac{9}{16} + \frac{25}{16} (x−34)2+(y+54)2=4+9+2516(x - \frac{3}{4})^2 + (y + \frac{5}{4})^2 = \frac{4+9+25}{16} (x−34)2+(y+54)2=3816(x - \frac{3}{4})^2 + (y + \frac{5}{4})^2 = \frac{38}{16} (x−34)2+(y+54)2=198(x - \frac{3}{4})^2 + (y + \frac{5}{4})^2 = \frac{19}{8}
  5. Identify the center and radius from the standard form.

    Comparing (x−34)2+(y+54)2=198(x - \frac{3}{4})^2 + (y + \frac{5}{4})^2 = \frac{19}{8} with (x−h)2+(y−k)2=r2(x-h)^2 + (y-k)^2 = r^2:
    The center (h,k)(h,k) is (34,−54)(\frac{3}{4}, -\frac{5}{4}).
    The radius squared r2r^2 is 198\frac{19}{8}.
    The radius rr is 198\sqrt{\frac{19}{8}}.
    To simplify the radius, rationalize the denominator:

    r=198=198=1922=19⋅222⋅2=382⋅2=384r = \sqrt{\frac{19}{8}} = \frac{\sqrt{19}}{\sqrt{8}} = \frac{\sqrt{19}}{2\sqrt{2}} = \frac{\sqrt{19} \cdot \sqrt{2}}{2\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2}} = \frac{\sqrt{38}}{2 \cdot 2} = \frac{\sqrt{38}}{4}

    The center of the circle is (34,−54)\boxed{\left(\frac{3}{4}, -\frac{5}{4}\right)} and the length of the radius is 384\boxed{\frac{\sqrt{38}}{4}}.

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