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Find the derivative of f(x) = ln(x) / (x2 sin(x)) and y = tan(x) / e^(3x).

Mathematics

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: Find the derivative of f(x)=ln⁡(x)x2sin⁡(x)f(x) = \frac{\ln(x)}{x^2 \sin(x)}.

We use the quotient rule: ddx(uv)=u′v−uv′v2\frac{d}{dx}\left(\frac{u}{v}\right) = \frac{u'v - uv'}{v^2}.
Let u=ln⁡(x)u = \ln(x) and v=x2sin⁡(x)v = x^2 \sin(x).

  1. Find u′u'.

    u′=ddx(ln⁡(x))=1xu' = \frac{d}{dx}(\ln(x)) = \frac{1}{x}
  2. Find v′v'.

    We use the product rule for vv: ddx(ab)=a′b+ab′\frac{d}{dx}(ab) = a'b + ab'.
    Let a=x2a = x^2 and b=sin⁡(x)b = \sin(x).
    a′=ddx(x2)=2xa' = \frac{d}{dx}(x^2) = 2x.
    b′=ddx(sin⁡(x))=cos⁡(x)b' = \frac{d}{dx}(\sin(x)) = \cos(x).
    So, v′=(2x)(sin⁡(x))+(x2)(cos⁡(x))=2xsin⁡(x)+x2cos⁡(x)v' = (2x)(\sin(x)) + (x^2)(\cos(x)) = 2x \sin(x) + x^2 \cos(x).

  3. Apply the quotient rule.

    f′(x)=(1x)(x2sin⁡(x))−(ln⁡(x))(2xsin⁡(x)+x2cos⁡(x))(x2sin⁡(x))2f'(x) = \frac{\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)(x^2 \sin(x)) - (\ln(x))(2x \sin(x) + x^2 \cos(x))}{(x^2 \sin(x))^2} f′(x)=xsin⁡(x)−2xln⁡(x)sin⁡(x)−x2ln⁡(x)cos⁡(x)x4sin⁡2(x)f'(x) = \frac{x \sin(x) - 2x \ln(x) \sin(x) - x^2 \ln(x) \cos(x)}{x^4 \sin^2(x)}

    Factor out xx from the numerator.

    f′(x)=x(sin⁡(x)−2ln⁡(x)sin⁡(x)−xln⁡(x)cos⁡(x))x4sin⁡2(x)f'(x) = \frac{x(\sin(x) - 2 \ln(x) \sin(x) - x \ln(x) \cos(x))}{x^4 \sin^2(x)} f′(x)=sin⁡(x)−2ln⁡(x)sin⁡(x)−xln⁡(x)cos⁡(x)x3sin⁡2(x)f'(x) = \frac{\sin(x) - 2 \ln(x) \sin(x) - x \ln(x) \cos(x)}{x^3 \sin^2(x)}

    The derivative is:

    f′(x)=sin⁡(x)(1−2ln⁡(x))−xln⁡(x)cos⁡(x)x3sin⁡2(x)\boxed{f'(x) = \frac{\sin(x)(1 - 2 \ln(x)) - x \ln(x) \cos(x)}{x^3 \sin^2(x)}}

    : Find the derivative of y=tan⁡(x)e3xy = \frac{\tan(x)}{e^{3x}}.

    We use the quotient rule: dydx=u′v−uv′v2\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{u'v - uv'}{v^2}.
    Let u=tan⁡(x)u = \tan(x) and v=e3xv = e^{3x}.

  4. Find u′u'.

    u′=ddx(tan⁡(x))=sec⁡2(x)u' = \frac{d}{dx}(\tan(x)) = \sec^2(x)
  5. Find v′v'.

    We use the chain rule for vv.

    v′=ddx(e3x)=e3x⋅ddx(3x)=3e3xv' = \frac{d}{dx}(e^{3x}) = e^{3x} \cdot \frac{d}{dx}(3x) = 3e^{3x}
  6. Apply the quotient rule.

    dydx=(sec⁡2(x))(e3x)−(tan⁡(x))(3e3x)(e3x)2\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{(\sec^2(x))(e^{3x}) - (\tan(x))(3e^{3x})}{(e^{3x})^2} dydx=e3xsec⁡2(x)−3e3xtan⁡(x)e6x\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{e^{3x} \sec^2(x) - 3e^{3x} \tan(x)}{e^{6x}}

    Factor out e3xe^{3x} from the numerator.

    dydx=e3x(sec⁡2(x)−3tan⁡(x))e6x\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{e^{3x}(\sec^2(x) - 3 \tan(x))}{e^{6x}} dydx=sec⁡2(x)−3tan⁡(x)e3x\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{\sec^2(x) - 3 \tan(x)}{e^{3x}}

    The derivative is:

    dydx=sec⁡2(x)−3tan⁡(x)e3x\boxed{\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{\sec^2(x) - 3 \tan(x)}{e^{3x}}}

    : Find the derivative of f(x)=2xx2f(x) = \frac{2x}{x^2}.

  7. Simplify the function.

    f(x)=2xx2=2x=2x−1f(x) = \frac{2x}{x^2} = \frac{2}{x} = 2x^{-1}
  8. Find the derivative using the power rule.

    f′(x)=ddx(2x−1)=2(−1)x−1−1=−2x−2f'(x) = \frac{d}{dx}(2x^{-1}) = 2(-1)x^{-1-1} = -2x^{-2} f′(x)=−2x2f'(x) = -\frac{2}{x^2}

    The derivative is:

    f′(x)=−2x2\boxed{f'(x) = -\frac{2}{x^2}}

    : Find the derivative of y=ln⁡(x2+1)xy = \frac{\ln(x^2 + 1)}{\sqrt{x}}.

    We use the quotient rule: dydx=u′v−uv′v2\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{u'v - uv'}{v^2}.
    Let u=ln⁡(x2+1)u = \ln(x^2 + 1) and v=x=x1/2v = \sqrt{x} = x^{1/2}.

  9. Find u′u'.

    We use the chain rule for uu.

    u′=ddx(ln⁡(x2+1))=1x2+1⋅ddx(x2+1)=2xx2+1u' = \frac{d}{dx}(\ln(x^2 + 1)) = \frac{1}{x^2 + 1} \cdot \frac{d}{dx}(x^2 + 1) = \frac{2x}{x^2 + 1}
  10. Find v′v'.

    We use the power rule for vv.

    v′=ddx(x1/2)=12x1/2−1=12x−1/2=12xv' = \frac{d}{dx}(x^{1/2}) = \frac{1}{2}x^{1/2 - 1} = \frac{1}{2}x^{-1/2} = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}
  11. Apply the quotient rule.

    dydx=(2xx2+1)(x)−(ln⁡(x2+1))(12x)(x)2\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{\left(\frac{2x}{x^2 + 1}\right)(\sqrt{x}) - (\ln(x^2 + 1))\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)}{(\sqrt{x})^2} dydx=2xxx2+1−ln⁡(x2+1)2xx\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{\frac{2x\sqrt{x}}{x^2 + 1} - \frac{\ln(x^2 + 1)}{2\sqrt{x}}}{x}

    To simplify the numerator, find a common denominator, which is 2x(x2+1)2\sqrt{x}(x^2 + 1).

    dydx=2xx⋅2x−ln⁡(x2+1)⋅(x2+1)2x(x2+1)x\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{\frac{2x\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\sqrt{x} - \ln(x^2 + 1) \cdot (x^2 + 1)}{2\sqrt{x}(x^2 + 1)}}{x} dydx=4x2−(x2+1)ln⁡(x2+1)2x(x2+1)x\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{4x^2 - (x^2 + 1)\ln(x^2 + 1)}{2\sqrt{x}(x^2 + 1)x} dydx=4x2−(x2+1)ln⁡(x2+1)2x3/2(x2+1)\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{4x^2 - (x^2 + 1)\ln(x^2 + 1)}{2x^{3/2}(x^2 + 1)}

    The derivative is:

    dydx=4x2−(x2+1)ln⁡(x2+1)2xx(x2+1)\boxed{\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{4x^2 - (x^2 + 1)\ln(x^2 + 1)}{2x\sqrt{x}(x^2 + 1)}}

    : Find the derivative of f(x)=exln⁡xx2+1f(x) = \frac{e^x \ln x}{x^2 + 1}.

    We use the quotient rule: f′(x)=u′v−uv′v2f'(x) = \frac{u'v - uv'}{v^2}.
    Let u=exln⁡xu = e^x \ln x and v=x2+1v = x^2 + 1.

  12. Find u′u'.

    We use the product rule for uu: ddx(ab)=a′b+ab′\frac{d}{dx}(ab) = a'b + ab'.
    Let a=exa = e^x and b=ln⁡xb = \ln x.
    a′=ddx(ex)=exa' = \frac{d}{dx}(e^x) = e^x.
    b′=ddx(ln⁡x)=1xb' = \frac{d}{dx}(\ln x) = \frac{1}{x}.
    So, u′=(ex)(ln⁡x)+(ex)(1x)=exln⁡x+exx=ex(ln⁡x+1x)u' = (e^x)(\ln x) + (e^x)\left(\frac{1}{x}\right) = e^x \ln x + \frac{e^x}{x} = e^x\left(\ln x + \frac{1}{x}\right).

  13. Find v′v'.

    v′=ddx(x2+1)=2xv' = \frac{d}{dx}(x^2 + 1) = 2x
  14. Apply the quotient rule.

    f′(x)=(ex(ln⁡x+1x))(x2+1)−(exln⁡x)(2x)(x2+1)2f'(x) = \frac{\left(e^x\left(\ln x + \frac{1}{x}\right)\right)(x^2 + 1) - (e^x \ln x)(2x)}{(x^2 + 1)^2} f′(x)=ex((x2+1)(ln⁡x+1x)−2xln⁡x)(x2+1)2f'(x) = \frac{e^x\left((x^2 + 1)\left(\ln x + \frac{1}{x}\right) - 2x \ln x\right)}{(x^2 + 1)^2}

    Expand the term (x2+1)(ln⁡x+1x)(x^2 + 1)\left(\ln x + \frac{1}{x}\right):

    (x2+1)(ln⁡x+1x)=x2ln⁡x+x2⋅1x+ln⁡x+1⋅1x(x^2 + 1)\left(\ln x + \frac{1}{x}\right) = x^2 \ln x + x^2 \cdot \frac{1}{x} + \ln x + 1 \cdot \frac{1}{x} =x2ln⁡x+x+ln⁡x+1x= x^2 \ln x + x + \ln x + \frac{1}{x}

    Substitute this back into the numerator:

    f′(x)=ex(x2ln⁡x+x+ln⁡x+1x−2xln⁡x)(x2+1)2f'(x) = \frac{e^x\left(x^2 \ln x + x + \ln x + \frac{1}{x} - 2x \ln x\right)}{(x^2 + 1)^2}

    Combine terms with ln⁡x\ln x:

    f′(x)=ex((x2−2x+1)ln⁡x+x+1x)(x2+1)2f'(x) = \frac{e^x\left((x^2 - 2x + 1)\ln x + x + \frac{1}{x}\right)}{(x^2 + 1)^2}

    Note that x2−2x+1=(x−1)2x^2 - 2x + 1 = (x-1)^2.

    f′(x)=ex((x−1)2ln⁡x+x+1x)(x2+1)2f'(x) = \frac{e^x\left((x-1)^2 \ln x + x + \frac{1}{x}\right)}{(x^2 + 1)^2}

    The derivative is:

    f′(x)=ex((x−1)2ln⁡x+x+1x)(x2+1)2\boxed{f'(x) = \frac{e^x\left((x-1)^2 \ln x + x + \frac{1}{x}\right)}{(x^2 + 1)^2}}
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