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Find the derivative of y=x²−5x+4 from the First Principle.

Mathematics

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Answer

2x - 5

Graph of y = x² − 5x + 4

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Key points of y = x² − 5x + 4
Pointxy
y-intercept04
x-intercept10
Minimum2.5−2.25
x-intercept40

Step-by-step solution

4 steps

To find the derivative of y=x2−5x+4y = x^2 - 5x + 4 from the first principle, we use the definition:

dydx=lim⁡h→0f(x+h)−f(x)h\frac{dy}{dx} = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}{h}
  1. Identify f(x)f(x) and find f(x+h)f(x+h).

    Given f(x)=x2−5x+4f(x) = x^2 - 5x + 4.
    Substitute x+hx+h into f(x)f(x):

    f(x+h)=(x+h)2−5(x+h)+4f(x+h) = (x+h)^2 - 5(x+h) + 4

    Expand the terms:

    f(x+h)=(x2+2xh+h2)−(5x+5h)+4f(x+h) = (x^2 + 2xh + h^2) - (5x + 5h) + 4 f(x+h)=x2+2xh+h2−5x−5h+4f(x+h) = x^2 + 2xh + h^2 - 5x - 5h + 4
  2. Calculate f(x+h)−f(x)f(x+h) - f(x).

    f(x+h)−f(x)=(x2+2xh+h2−5x−5h+4)−(x2−5x+4)f(x+h) - f(x) = (x^2 + 2xh + h^2 - 5x - 5h + 4) - (x^2 - 5x + 4)

    Distribute the negative sign:

    f(x+h)−f(x)=x2+2xh+h2−5x−5h+4−x2+5x−4f(x+h) - f(x) = x^2 + 2xh + h^2 - 5x - 5h + 4 - x^2 + 5x - 4

    Combine like terms:

    f(x+h)−f(x)=2xh+h2−5hf(x+h) - f(x) = 2xh + h^2 - 5h
  3. Divide by hh.

    f(x+h)−f(x)h=2xh+h2−5hh\frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}{h} = \frac{2xh + h^2 - 5h}{h}

    Factor out hh from the numerator:

    f(x+h)−f(x)h=h(2x+h−5)h\frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}{h} = \frac{h(2x + h - 5)}{h}

    Cancel out hh (since h≠0h \neq 0 in the limit process):

    f(x+h)−f(x)h=2x+h−5\frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}{h} = 2x + h - 5
  4. Take the limit as h→0h \to 0.

    dydx=lim⁡h→0(2x+h−5)\frac{dy}{dx} = \lim_{h \to 0} (2x + h - 5)

    Substitute h=0h=0:

    dydx=2x+0−5\frac{dy}{dx} = 2x + 0 - 5 dydx=2x−5\frac{dy}{dx} = 2x - 5

    The derivative of y=x2−5x+4y = x^2 - 5x + 4 from the first principle is:

    2x−52x - 5
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