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Find the domain of the functions z = ln(x2 + y2) and f(x, y) = sqrt(x2 + y2 − 2) / (y - 2).

Mathematics

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2 parts
a

{(x,y)∈R2∣(x,y)≠(0,0)}\{(x, y) \in \mathbb{R}^2 \mid (x, y) \ne (0, 0)\}

b

{(x,y)∈R2∣x2+y2≥2 and y≠2}\{(x, y) \in \mathbb{R}^2 \mid x^2 + y^2 \ge 2 \text{ and } y \ne 2\}

Step-by-step solution

5 steps

Here are the domains for the given functions:

Part a· 2 steps

Find the domain of z=ln⁡(x2+y2)z = \ln(x^2 + y^2)

  1. Identify the restriction for the natural logarithm function.

    The natural logarithm ln⁡(u)\ln(u) is defined only when its argument uu is strictly positive.
    Therefore, we must have x2+y2>0x^2 + y^2 > 0.

  2. Determine the values of $(x, y)$ that satisfy the inequality.

    The expression x2+y2x^2 + y^2 is always non-negative. It is equal to zero only when x=0x=0 and y=0y=0 simultaneously. For all other points (x,y)(x, y), x2+y2x^2 + y^2 will be positive.
    So, the condition x2+y2>0x^2 + y^2 > 0 means that (x,y)(x, y) can be any point in R2\mathbb{R}^2 except for the origin (0,0)(0, 0).

    The domain is {(x,y)∈R2∣(x,y)≠(0,0)}\boxed{\{(x, y) \in \mathbb{R}^2 \mid (x, y) \ne (0, 0)\}}.

Part b

{(x,y)∈R2∣x2+y2≥2 and y≠2}\{(x, y) \in \mathbb{R}^2 \mid x^2 + y^2 \ge 2 \text{ and } y \ne 2\}

Find the domain of f(x,y)=x2+y2−2y−2f(x, y) = \frac{\sqrt{x^2 + y^2 - 2}}{y - 2}

  1. Identify restrictions for the square root.

    The expression under the square root must be non-negative.

    x2+y2−2≥0x^2 + y^2 - 2 \ge 0 x2+y2≥2x^2 + y^2 \ge 2

    This condition means that the points (x,y)(x, y) must lie on or outside the circle centered at the origin with radius 2\sqrt{2}.

  2. Identify restrictions for the denominator.

    The denominator cannot be zero.

    y−2≠0y - 2 \ne 0 y≠2y \ne 2

    This condition means that the points (x,y)(x, y) cannot lie on the line y=2y=2.

  3. Combine all restrictions to define the domain.

    The domain consists of all points (x,y)(x, y) such that x2+y2≥2x^2 + y^2 \ge 2 and y≠2y \ne 2.

    The domain is {(x,y)∈R2∣x2+y2≥2 and y≠2}\boxed{\{(x, y) \in \mathbb{R}^2 \mid x^2 + y^2 \ge 2 \text{ and } y \ne 2\}}.

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