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Find the equation of the circle C3 which passes through the center of C1 and through the points of intersection of C1 and C2.

Mathematics

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2 parts
a

x2+y2−4x−5y+9=0x^2 + y^2 - 4x - 5y + 9 = 0

b

3 units\text{3 units}

Step-by-step solution

8 steps

Here are the solutions to question 2:

Part a· 5 steps

The equation of the circle C3C_3 which passes through the center of C1C_1 and through the points of intersection of C1C_1 and C2C_2.

  1. Find the center of circle C1C_1.

    The general equation of a circle is x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0x^2 + y^2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, with center (−g,−f)(-g, -f).
    For C1:x2+y2−6x−4y+9=0C_1: x^2 + y^2 - 6x - 4y + 9 = 0:
    2g=−6  ⟹  g=−32g = -6 \implies g = -3
    2f=−4  ⟹  f=−22f = -4 \implies f = -2
    The center of C1C_1 is (3,2)(3, 2).

  2. Find the equation of the common chord (line of intersection) of C1C_1 and C2C_2.

    The equation of the common chord is C1−C2=0C_1 - C_2 = 0.

    (x2+y2−6x−4y+9)−(x2+y2−2x−6y+9)=0(x^2 + y^2 - 6x - 4y + 9) - (x^2 + y^2 - 2x - 6y + 9) = 0 −6x−4y+9+2x+6y−9=0-6x - 4y + 9 + 2x + 6y - 9 = 0 −4x+2y=0-4x + 2y = 0 2y=4x2y = 4x y=2xy = 2x

    This is the equation of the line LL passing through the intersection points.

  3. Form the general equation of circle C3C_3.

    A circle passing through the intersection of C1=0C_1=0 and the line L=0L=0 can be written as C1+λL=0C_1 + \lambda L = 0.

    C3:(x2+y2−6x−4y+9)+λ(y−2x)=0C_3: (x^2 + y^2 - 6x - 4y + 9) + \lambda(y - 2x) = 0
  4. Use the condition that C3C_3 passes through the center of C1C_1.

    Substitute the coordinates of the center of C1C_1, which is (3,2)(3, 2), into the equation for C3C_3:

    (32+22−6(3)−4(2)+9)+λ(2−2(3))=0(3^2 + 2^2 - 6(3) - 4(2) + 9) + \lambda(2 - 2(3)) = 0 (9+4−18−8+9)+λ(2−6)=0(9 + 4 - 18 - 8 + 9) + \lambda(2 - 6) = 0 (22−26)+λ(−4)=0(22 - 26) + \lambda(-4) = 0 −4−4λ=0-4 - 4\lambda = 0 −4λ=4-4\lambda = 4 λ=−1\lambda = -1
  5. Substitute λ=−1\lambda = -1 back into the equation for C3C_3.

    (x2+y2−6x−4y+9)−1(y−2x)=0(x^2 + y^2 - 6x - 4y + 9) - 1(y - 2x) = 0 x2+y2−6x−4y+9−y+2x=0x^2 + y^2 - 6x - 4y + 9 - y + 2x = 0 x2+y2−4x−5y+9=0x^2 + y^2 - 4x - 5y + 9 = 0

    The equation of circle C3C_3 is x2+y2−4x−5y+9=0\boxed{x^2 + y^2 - 4x - 5y + 9 = 0}.

Part b

3 units\text{3 units}

The equation of the two tangents from the origin to C1C_1 and the length of each tangent.

  1. Find the center and radius of C1C_1.

    For C1:x2+y2−6x−4y+9=0C_1: x^2 + y^2 - 6x - 4y + 9 = 0:
    Center (h,k)=(3,2)(h, k) = (3, 2).
    Radius r=g2+f2−c=(−3)2+(−2)2−9=9+4−9=4=2r = \sqrt{g^2 + f^2 - c} = \sqrt{(-3)^2 + (-2)^2 - 9} = \sqrt{9 + 4 - 9} = \sqrt{4} = 2.

  2. Calculate the length of the tangent from the origin (0,0)(0,0) to C1C_1.

    The length of the tangent from an external point (x1,y1)(x_1, y_1) to a circle x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0x^2 + y^2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is x12+y12+2gx1+2fy1+c\sqrt{x_1^2 + y_1^2 + 2gx_1 + 2fy_1 + c}.
    For the origin (0,0)(0,0) and C1C_1:

    L=02+02−6(0)−4(0)+9L = \sqrt{0^2 + 0^2 - 6(0) - 4(0) + 9} L=9L = \sqrt{9} L=3L = 3

    The length of each tangent is 3 units\boxed{\text{3 units}}.

  3. Find the equations of the tangents.

    Let the equation of a tangent line passing through the origin $(0,

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