Express the following fractions using diagrams and by shading parts of shapes: 1/4, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6. Also, answer questions about fractions of a whole, equal parts, and representing fractions.

a) To show $\frac{1}{4}$, draw a shape (e.g., a rectangle or circle) divided into 4 equal parts. Shade 1 of these parts.

b) To show $\frac{2}{3}$, draw a shape (e.g., a rectangle or circle) divided into 3 equal parts. Shade 2 of these parts.

a) The given rectangle is divided into 4 equal parts. To shade $\frac{3}{4}$, shade 3 of these 4 parts.

b) The given circle is divided into 6 equal parts. To shade $\frac{5}{6}$, shade 5 of these 6 parts.

a) If a bar of chocolate is shared equally among seven friends, it is divided into 7 equal parts. Each part is a seventh.
There are $\boxed{\text{7 sevenths}}$ in the bar of chocolate.

b) Each child gets one of the seven equal parts.
Each child got $\boxed{\text{1 seventh}}$.

c) If three children each get one seventh, then altogether they get $1 \text{ seventh} + 1 \text{ seventh} + 1 \text{ seventh}$.
Three children got $\boxed{\text{3 sevenths}}$ altogether.

d) Seven sevenths as a fraction is $\frac{7}{7}$.
This fraction means the $\boxed{\text{whole}}$ bar of chocolate.

a) Count the small squares in the given shape.
The shape has $\boxed{\text{8 equal parts}}$.

b) One part is called one $\boxed{\text{eighth}}$.

c) One part using a fraction symbol is $\boxed{\frac{1}{8}}$.

d) To draw the same shape and shade in $\frac{7}{8}$, draw a rectangle divided into 8 equal squares. Shade 7 of these 8 squares.

e) If $\frac{7}{8}$ is shaded, the total number of parts is 8, and 7 are shaded. The number of parts not shaded is $8 - 7 = 1$.
The fraction not shaded is $\boxed{\frac{1}{8}}$.

A) The diagram shows a pentagon divided into 5 equal triangles. 2 of these triangles are shaded.
The fraction shaded is $\boxed{\frac{2}{5}}$. The name of the fraction is two-fifths.
B) The diagram shows a shape made of 8 equal squares. 4 of these squares are shaded.
The fraction shaded is $\boxed{\frac{4}{8}}$. This can be simplified to $\frac{1}{2}$. The name of the fraction is four-eighths or one-half.
C) The diagram shows a circle divided into 8 equal sectors. 5 of these sectors are shaded.
The fraction shaded is $\boxed{\frac{5}{8}}$. The name of the fraction is five-eighths.

The diagram is a circle divided into 8 equal parts. 5 parts are shaded.
To find the fraction not shaded, subtract the shaded fraction from the whole:

The fraction that has not been shaded is $\boxed{\frac{3}{8}}$.