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Evaluate the following sums: sumk=120 (3k+2) and sumk=120 (k2+k).

Mathematics

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Here are the solutions for problems 10, 11, and 12.

: Evaluate the following sums: ∑k=120(3k+2)\sum_{k=1}^{20} (3k+2).

  1. Use the linearity property of summation to split the sum.

    ∑k=120(3k+2)=∑k=1203k+∑k=1202\sum_{k=1}^{20} (3k+2) = \sum_{k=1}^{20} 3k + \sum_{k=1}^{20} 2
  2. Factor out the constant from the first sum and apply the sum formulas.

    Recall the formulas: ∑k=1nk=n(n+1)2\sum_{k=1}^{n} k = \frac{n(n+1)}{2} and ∑k=1nc=nc\sum_{k=1}^{n} c = nc.
    Here, n=20n=20.

    3∑k=120k+∑k=1202=3(20(20+1)2)+(2×20)3 \sum_{k=1}^{20} k + \sum_{k=1}^{20} 2 = 3 \left(\frac{20(20+1)}{2}\right) + (2 \times 20)
  3. Calculate the values.

    =3(20×212)+40= 3 \left(\frac{20 \times 21}{2}\right) + 40 =3(10×21)+40= 3 (10 \times 21) + 40 =3(210)+40= 3(210) + 40 =630+40= 630 + 40 =670= 670

    The final answer is 670\boxed{670}.

    : Evaluate ∑k=120(k2+k)\sum_{k=1}^{20} (k^2+k).

  4. Use the linearity property of summation to split the sum.

    ∑k=120(k2+k)=∑k=120k2+∑k=120k\sum_{k=1}^{20} (k^2+k) = \sum_{k=1}^{20} k^2 + \sum_{k=1}^{20} k
  5. Apply the sum formulas.

    Recall the formulas: ∑k=1nk2=n(n+1)(2n+1)6\sum_{k=1}^{n} k^2 = \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6} and ∑k=1nk=n(n+1)2\sum_{k=1}^{n} k = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}.
    Here, n=20n=20.
    For ∑k=120k2\sum_{k=1}^{20} k^2:

    =20(20+1)(2×20+1)6= \frac{20(20+1)(2 \times 20 + 1)}{6} =20(21)(41)6= \frac{20(21)(41)}{6} =420×416= \frac{420 \times 41}{6} =172206= \frac{17220}{6} =2870= 2870

    For ∑k=120k\sum_{k=1}^{20} k:

    =20(20+1)2= \frac{20(20+1)}{2} =20×212= \frac{20 \times 21}{2} =10×21= 10 \times 21 =210= 210
  6. Add the results.

    =2870+210= 2870 + 210 =3080= 3080

    The final answer is 3080\boxed{3080}.

    : The 13th and 16th terms of an A.P. are 80 and 98 respectively. Find the first term, the common difference and the last term if there are 20 terms.

  7. Set up equations using the formula for the nn-th term of an A.P., an=a+(n−1)da_n = a + (n-1)d.

    Given a13=80a_{13} = 80:

    a+(13−1)d=80a + (13-1)d = 80 a+12d=80(1)a + 12d = 80 \quad (1)

    Given a16=98a_{16} = 98:

    a+(16−1)d=98a + (16-1)d = 98 a+15d=98(2)a + 15d = 98 \quad (2)
  8. Solve the system of equations to find the common difference dd.

    Subtract equation (1) from equation (2):

    (a+15d)−(a+12d)=98−80(a + 15d) - (a + 12d) = 98 - 80 3d=183d = 18 d=183d = \frac{18}{3} d=6d = 6

    The common difference is 6\boxed{6}.

  9. Substitute the value of dd into equation (1) to find the first term aa.

    a+12(6)=80a + 12(6) = 80 a+72=80a + 72 = 80 a=80−72a = 80 - 72 a=8a = 8

    The first term is 8\boxed{8}.

  10. Find the last term, which is the 20th term (a20a_{20}).

    Using the formula an=a+(n−1)da_n = a + (n-1)d with n=20n=20, a=8a=8, and d=6d=6:

    a20=8+(20−1)6a_{20} = 8 + (20-1)6 a20=8+(19)6a_{20} = 8 + (19)6 a20=8+114a_{20} = 8 + 114 a20=122a_{20} = 122

    The last term is 122\boxed{122}.

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