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For what values of t does the geometric sequence T1 = -t2 - 6t - 9, T2 = (t3 + 9t2 + 27t + 27)/2, ... converge?

Mathematics

ScanSolve AI Answer

Step-by-step solution

5 steps
  1. Identify and simplify the first two terms of the geometric sequence.

    The first term is T1=−t2−6t−9T_1 = -t^2 - 6t - 9.
    We can factor out −1-1 and recognize a perfect square trinomial:

    T1=−(t2+6t+9)=−(t+3)2T_1 = -(t^2 + 6t + 9) = -(t+3)^2

    The second term is T2=t3+9t2+27t+272T_2 = \frac{t^3 + 9t^2 + 27t + 27}{2}.
    The numerator is a perfect cube expansion, (a+b)3=a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3(a+b)^3 = a^3 + 3a^2b + 3ab^2 + b^3, where a=ta=t and b=3b=3:

    T2=(t+3)32T_2 = \frac{(t+3)^3}{2}
  2. Calculate the common ratio rr.

    The common ratio rr is given by r=T2T1r = \frac{T_2}{T_1}.
    We must consider the case where T1=0T_1 = 0. If T1=−(t+3)2=0T_1 = -(t+3)^2 = 0, then t+3=0t+3=0, so t=−3t=-3.
    If t=−3t=-3, then T1=0T_1 = 0 and T2=(−3+3)32=0T_2 = \frac{(-3+3)^3}{2} = 0. The sequence is 0,0,0,...0, 0, 0, ..., which converges. So t=−3t=-3 is a value for which the sequence converges.

    Now, for t≠−3t \neq -3, T1≠0T_1 \neq 0, and we can calculate rr:

    r=(t+3)32−(t+3)2r = \frac{\frac{(t+3)^3}{2}}{-(t+3)^2} r=(t+3)32⋅(−(t+3)2)r = \frac{(t+3)^3}{2 \cdot (-(t+3)^2)} r=−t+32r = -\frac{t+3}{2}
  3. Apply the convergence condition for a geometric sequence.

    A geometric sequence converges if its common ratio rr satisfies ∣r∣<1|r| < 1.
    We need to solve the inequality:

    ∣−t+32∣<1\left|-\frac{t+3}{2}\right| < 1

    This simplifies to:

    ∣t+3∣2<1\frac{|t+3|}{2} < 1

    Multiply both sides by 2:

    ∣t+3∣<2|t+3| < 2
  4. Solve the absolute value inequality for tt.

    The inequality ∣t+3∣<2|t+3| < 2 can be written as:

    −2<t+3<2-2 < t+3 < 2

    Subtract 3 from all parts of the inequality:

    −2−3<t<2−3-2 - 3 < t < 2 - 3 −5<t<−1-5 < t < -1
  5. Combine the results.

    The interval −5<t<−1-5 < t < -1 includes the value t=−3t=-3. When t=−3t=-3, r=−−3+32=0r = -\frac{-3+3}{2} = 0, and ∣0∣<1|0|<1, so the condition ∣r∣<1|r|<1 is satisfied. Therefore, the sequence converges for all tt in the interval.

    The values of tt for which the sequence will converge are:

    −5<t<−1\boxed{-5 < t < -1}
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