This mathematics problem involves applying core mathematical principles and formulas. Below you will find a complete step-by-step solution with detailed explanations for each step, helping you understand not just the answer but the method behind it.

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Morning kamogelo — let's get this done.
4.1 Step 1: Identify the relationship between the angles. The angles , , and lie on the straight line ABC. Angles on a straight line sum to . Step 2: Combine like terms. Step 3: Solve for . The value of is .
4.2 Step 1: Find the value of . The lines PQ and RS are parallel. The angle and the angle are alternate interior angles. Step 2: Find the value of . The lines PQ and RS are parallel. The angle and the angle are alternate interior angles. Step 3: Find the value of . Consider the triangle formed by the intersection of the two transversals and the line RS. The angles in this triangle are , , and . The sum of angles in a triangle is . Substitute the values of and : The sizes are: x = \text{108^\circ}, y = \text{30^\circ}, z = \text{42^\circ}.
4.3 Step 1: Identify the relationship between the angles. The angle and the angle are vertically opposite angles. Vertically opposite angles are equal. The unknown value is c = \text{106^\circ}.
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Morning kamogelo — let's get this done. 4.1 Step 1: Identify the relationship between the angles.
This mathematics problem involves applying core mathematical principles and formulas. Below you will find a complete step-by-step solution with detailed explanations for each step, helping you understand not just the answer but the method behind it.