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Given f(x) = (1)/(x2) + 2x + 3, find the area under the graph of f over the interval [2, 5].

Mathematics

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Answer

845\frac{84}{5}

Graph of f(x) = 1/x² + 2x + 3

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Key points of f(x) = 1/x² + 2x + 3
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Step-by-step solution

5 steps
  1. Identify the function and the interval.

    The given function is f(x)=15x2+3f(x) = \frac{1}{5}x^2 + 3.
    The interval is [2,5][2, 5], so the lower limit is a=2a=2 and the upper limit is b=5b=5.

  2. Set up the definite integral to find the area.

    The area under the graph of f(x)f(x) from aa to bb is given by the definite integral:

    Area=∫abf(x) dx\text{Area} = \int_{a}^{b} f(x)\,dx

    Substituting the given function and limits:

    Area=∫25(15x2+3) dx\text{Area} = \int_{2}^{5} \left(\frac{1}{5}x^2 + 3\right)\,dx
  3. Find the antiderivative of the function.

    We integrate term by term:

    ∫(15x2+3) dx=15∫x2 dx+∫3 dx\int \left(\frac{1}{5}x^2 + 3\right)\,dx = \frac{1}{5} \int x^2\,dx + \int 3\,dx

    Using the power rule ∫xn dx=xn+1n+1\int x^n\,dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} and ∫c dx=cx\int c\,dx = cx:

    15(x2+12+1)+3x=15(x33)+3x=x315+3x\frac{1}{5} \left(\frac{x^{2+1}}{2+1}\right) + 3x = \frac{1}{5} \left(\frac{x^3}{3}\right) + 3x = \frac{x^3}{15} + 3x

    Let F(x)=x315+3xF(x) = \frac{x^3}{15} + 3x be the antiderivative.

  4. Evaluate the antiderivative at the upper and lower limits.

    According to the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, the definite integral is F(b)−F(a)F(b) - F(a).
    Evaluate F(5)F(5):

    F(5)=5315+3(5)=12515+15F(5) = \frac{5^3}{15} + 3(5) = \frac{125}{15} + 15

    Simplify 12515\frac{125}{15} by dividing both by 5: 253\frac{25}{3}.

    F(5)=253+15F(5) = \frac{25}{3} + 15

    Evaluate F(2)F(2):

    F(2)=2315+3(2)=815+6F(2) = \frac{2^3}{15} + 3(2) = \frac{8}{15} + 6
  5. Calculate the final result.

    Area=F(5)−F(2)=(253+15)−(815+6)\text{Area} = F(5) - F(2) = \left(\frac{25}{3} + 15\right) - \left(\frac{8}{15} + 6\right) Area=253+15−815−6\text{Area} = \frac{25}{3} + 15 - \frac{8}{15} - 6

    Combine the constant terms and the fractional terms:

    Area=(15−6)+(253−815)\text{Area} = \left(15 - 6\right) + \left(\frac{25}{3} - \frac{8}{15}\right) Area=9+(25×53×5−815)\text{Area} = 9 + \left(\frac{25 \times 5}{3 \times 5} - \frac{8}{15}\right) Area=9+(12515−815)\text{Area} = 9 + \left(\frac{125}{15} - \frac{8}{15}\right) Area=9+11715\text{Area} = 9 + \frac{117}{15}

    Simplify 11715\frac{117}{15} by dividing both by 3: 395\frac{39}{5}.

    Area=9+395\text{Area} = 9 + \frac{39}{5}

    Convert 9 to a fraction with denominator 5: 9=4559 = \frac{45}{5}.

    Area=455+395=45+395=845\text{Area} = \frac{45}{5} + \frac{39}{5} = \frac{45+39}{5} = \frac{84}{5}

    The area under the graph is 845\frac{84}{5}.

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