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Given f(x) = x2 + (3)/(x).

Mathematics

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Answer

2x−3x22x - \frac{3}{x^2}

Graph of f(x) = x² + 3/x

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Key points of f(x) = x² + 3/x
Pointxy
x-intercept−1.440
Minimum1.143.93

Step-by-step solution

4 steps

To find the derivative of f(x)=x2+3xf(x) = x^2 + \frac{3}{x} with respect to xx from first principles, we use the definition:

f′(x)=lim⁡h→0f(x+h)−f(x)hf'(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}{h}
  1. Write down f(x)f(x) and f(x+h)f(x+h).

    Given f(x)=x2+3xf(x) = x^2 + \frac{3}{x}.
    Then f(x+h)=(x+h)2+3x+hf(x+h) = (x+h)^2 + \frac{3}{x+h}.
    Expand (x+h)2(x+h)^2:

    f(x+h)=x2+2xh+h2+3x+hf(x+h) = x^2 + 2xh + h^2 + \frac{3}{x+h}
  2. Calculate f(x+h)−f(x)f(x+h) - f(x).

    f(x+h)−f(x)=(x2+2xh+h2+3x+h)−(x2+3x)f(x+h) - f(x) = \left(x^2 + 2xh + h^2 + \frac{3}{x+h}\right) - \left(x^2 + \frac{3}{x}\right) f(x+h)−f(x)=x2+2xh+h2+3x+h−x2−3xf(x+h) - f(x) = x^2 + 2xh + h^2 + \frac{3}{x+h} - x^2 - \frac{3}{x} f(x+h)−f(x)=2xh+h2+3x+h−3xf(x+h) - f(x) = 2xh + h^2 + \frac{3}{x+h} - \frac{3}{x}

    Combine the fractional terms:

    f(x+h)−f(x)=2xh+h2+3x−3(x+h)x(x+h)f(x+h) - f(x) = 2xh + h^2 + \frac{3x - 3(x+h)}{x(x+h)} f(x+h)−f(x)=2xh+h2+3x−3x−3hx(x+h)f(x+h) - f(x) = 2xh + h^2 + \frac{3x - 3x - 3h}{x(x+h)} f(x+h)−f(x)=2xh+h2−3hx(x+h)f(x+h) - f(x) = 2xh + h^2 - \frac{3h}{x(x+h)}
  3. Divide by hh.

    f(x+h)−f(x)h=2xh+h2−3hx(x+h)h\frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}{h} = \frac{2xh + h^2 - \frac{3h}{x(x+h)}}{h}

    Factor out hh from the numerator:

    f(x+h)−f(x)h=h(2x+h)−3hx(x+h)h\frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}{h} = \frac{h(2x + h) - \frac{3h}{x(x+h)}}{h} f(x+h)−f(x)h=2x+h−3x(x+h)\frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}{h} = 2x + h - \frac{3}{x(x+h)}
  4. Take the limit as h→0h \to 0.

    f′(x)=lim⁡h→0(2x+h−3x(x+h))f'(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \left(2x + h - \frac{3}{x(x+h)}\right)

    Substitute h=0h=0 into the expression:

    f′(x)=2x+0−3x(x+0)f'(x) = 2x + 0 - \frac{3}{x(x+0)} f′(x)=2x−3x2f'(x) = 2x - \frac{3}{x^2}

    The derivative of x2+3xx^2 + \frac{3}{x} from first principles is 2x−3x2\boxed{2x - \frac{3}{x^2}}.

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