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Given P(A)=(1)/(2), P(B^c)=(5)/(6), and P(A B)=(5)/(12). Find P(A B) and P(A B^c).

Mathematics

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2 parts
a

14\frac{1}{4}

b

14\frac{1}{4}

Step-by-step solution

4 steps

Here's the solution for question 2(i):

Part i· 1 step

Given P(A)=12P(A)=\frac{1}{2}, P(Bc)=56P(B^c)=\frac{5}{6}, and P(A∪B)=512P(A \cup B)=\frac{5}{12}.

  1. Calculate P(B)P(B).

    P(B)=1−P(Bc)P(B) = 1 - P(B^c) P(B)=1−56P(B) = 1 - \frac{5}{6} P(B)=66−56P(B) = \frac{6}{6} - \frac{5}{6} P(B)=16P(B) = \frac{1}{6}

Part a

14\frac{1}{4}

Find P(A∩B)P(A \cap B).

  1. Use the Addition Rule for Probability.

    P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B)−P(A∩B)P(A \cup B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A \cap B)

    Substitute the known values:

    512=12+16−P(A∩B)\frac{5}{12} = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{6} - P(A \cap B)

    Find a common denominator for the fractions on the right side:

    512=36+16−P(A∩B)\frac{5}{12} = \frac{3}{6} + \frac{1}{6} - P(A \cap B) 512=46−P(A∩B)\frac{5}{12} = \frac{4}{6} - P(A \cap B)

    Simplify 46\frac{4}{6} to 23\frac{2}{3}:

    512=23−P(A∩B)\frac{5}{12} = \frac{2}{3} - P(A \cap B)

    Rearrange to solve for P(A∩B)P(A \cap B):

    P(A∩B)=23−512P(A \cap B) = \frac{2}{3} - \frac{5}{12}

    Find a common denominator for 23\frac{2}{3} and 512\frac{5}{12}:

    P(A∩B)=812−512P(A \cap B) = \frac{8}{12} - \frac{5}{12} P(A∩B)=312P(A \cap B) = \frac{3}{12} P(A∩B)=14P(A \cap B) = \boxed{\frac{1}{4}}

Part b

14\frac{1}{4}

Find P(A∖Bc)P(A \setminus B^c).

  1. Understand the notation P(A∖Bc)P(A \setminus B^c).

    The event A∖BcA \setminus B^c means that event AA occurs and event BcB^c does not occur. If BcB^c does not occur, it means event BB occurs.
    Therefore, A∖BcA \setminus B^c is equivalent to A∩BA \cap B.

    P(A∖Bc)=P(A∩B)P(A \setminus B^c) = P(A \cap B)
  2. Use the result from part (a).

    P(A∖Bc)=14P(A \setminus B^c) = \boxed{\frac{1}{4}}
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