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Given the functions f(x)=x2−2x−3 and g(x)=x−3, where x ∈ R. Determine the value(s) of x, for which: (a) f(x) > g(x) (b) f(x).g(x) 0

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2 parts
a

x<0orx>3x < 0 \quad \text{or} \quad x > 3

b

x≤−1orx=3x \leq -1 \quad \text{or} \quad x = 3

Step-by-step solution

10 steps

1.2:

Given functions: f(x)=x2−2x−3f(x) = x^2 - 2x - 3 and g(x)=x−3g(x) = x - 3.

Part a· 5 steps

Determine the value(s) of xx for which f(x)>g(x)f(x) > g(x).

  1. Substitute the expressions for f(x)f(x) and g(x)g(x) into the inequality.

    x2−2x−3>x−3x^2 - 2x - 3 > x - 3
  2. Rearrange the inequality to have 0 on one side.

    x2−2x−x−3+3>0x^2 - 2x - x - 3 + 3 > 0 x2−3x>0x^2 - 3x > 0
  3. Factor the quadratic expression.

    x(x−3)>0x(x - 3) > 0
  4. Find the critical points by setting each factor to zero.

    x=0orx−3=0  ⟹  x=3x = 0 \quad \text{or} \quad x - 3 = 0 \implies x = 3

    The critical points are x=0x = 0 and x=3x = 3.

  5. Determine the intervals where the inequality holds true.

    We test values in the intervals (−∞,0)(-\infty, 0), (0,3)(0, 3), and (3,∞)(3, \infty).

    • For x<0x < 0 (e.g., x=−1x = -1): (−1)(−1−3)=(−1)(−4)=4>0(-1)(-1 - 3) = (-1)(-4) = 4 > 0. This interval is a solution.
    • For 0<x<30 < x < 3 (e.g., x=1x = 1): (1)(1−3)=(1)(−2)=−2<0(1)(1 - 3) = (1)(-2) = -2 < 0. This interval is not a solution.
    • For x>3x > 3 (e.g., x=4x = 4): (4)(4−3)=(4)(1)=4>0(4)(4 - 3) = (4)(1) = 4 > 0. This interval is a solution.

    The solution is x<0x < 0 or x>3x > 3.

    x<0orx>3\boxed{x < 0 \quad \text{or} \quad x > 3}

Part b

x≤−1orx=3x \leq -1 \quad \text{or} \quad x = 3

Determine the value(s) of xx for which f(x)⋅g(x)≤0f(x) \cdot g(x) \leq 0.

  1. Substitute the expressions for f(x)f(x) and g(x)g(x) into the inequality.

    (x2−2x−3)(x−3)≤0(x^2 - 2x - 3)(x - 3) \leq 0
  2. Factor the quadratic expression f(x)=x2−2x−3f(x) = x^2 - 2x - 3.

    x2−2x−3=(x−3)(x+1)x^2 - 2x - 3 = (x - 3)(x + 1)
  3. Substitute the factored form of f(x)f(x) back into the inequality.

    (x−3)(x+1)(x−3)≤0(x - 3)(x + 1)(x - 3) \leq 0 (x−3)2(x+1)≤0(x - 3)^2 (x + 1) \leq 0
  4. Find the critical points by setting each factor to zero.

    x−3=0  ⟹  x=3x - 3 = 0 \implies x = 3 x+1=0  ⟹  x=−1x + 1 = 0 \implies x = -1

    The critical points are x=−1x = -1 and x=3x = 3.

  5. Determine the intervals where the inequality holds true.

    We consider the expression E=(x−3)2(x+1)E = (x - 3)^2 (x + 1).
    Since (x−3)2(x - 3)^2 is always non-negative (i.e., (x−3)2≥0(x - 3)^2 \geq 0), the sign of EE depends on the sign of (x+1)(x + 1), unless (x−3)2=0(x-3)^2 = 0.

    • If x=3x = 3, then E=(3−3)2(3+1)=0⋅4=0E = (3 - 3)^2 (3 + 1) = 0 \cdot 4 = 0. So x=3x = 3 is a solution.
    • If x≠3x \neq 3, then (x−3)2>0(x - 3)^2 > 0. For E≤0E \leq 0, we must have (x+1)≤0(x + 1) \leq 0.
    x+1≤0  ⟹  x≤−1x + 1 \leq 0 \implies x \leq -1

    Combining these, the solution is x≤−1x \leq -1 or x=3x = 3.

    The solution is x≤−1x \leq -1 or x=3x = 3.

    x≤−1orx=3\boxed{x \leq -1 \quad \text{or} \quad x = 3}
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