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Given the universal set U = \1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12\ and sets A = : x is divisible by 3 B = : x is a factor of 18 and C = : x is even and not divisible by 5 find n[A (B C

Mathematics

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2 parts
a
4
b

0 and 10 \text{ and } 1

Step-by-step solution

11 steps

Part a· 7 steps

  1. List the elements of the universal set UU.

    U={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12}U = \{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12\}
  2. Determine the elements of set AA.

    A={x:x is divisible by 3}A = \{x : x \text{ is divisible by } 3\}
    The numbers in UU divisible by 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12.

    A={3,6,9,12}A = \{3, 6, 9, 12\}
  3. Determine the elements of set BB.

    B={x:x is a factor of 18}B = \{x : x \text{ is a factor of } 18\}
    The factors of 18 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18. From UU, these are 1, 2, 3, 6, 9.

    B={1,2,3,6,9}B = \{1, 2, 3, 6, 9\}
  4. Determine the elements of set CC.

    C={x:x is even and not divisible by 5}C = \{x : x \text{ is even and not divisible by } 5\}
    Even numbers in UU: {2,4,6,8,10,12}\{2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12\}.
    Numbers in UU divisible by 5: {5,10}\{5, 10\}.
    Numbers that are even and not divisible by 5: {2,4,6,8,12}\{2, 4, 6, 8, 12\}.

    C={2,4,6,8,12}C = \{2, 4, 6, 8, 12\}
  5. Find the union of sets BB and CC, B∪CB \cup C.

    B∪C={1,2,3,6,9}∪{2,4,6,8,12}B \cup C = \{1, 2, 3, 6, 9\} \cup \{2, 4, 6, 8, 12\} B∪C={1,2,3,4,6,8,9,12}B \cup C = \{1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12\}
  6. Find the intersection of set AA and (B∪C)(B \cup C), A∩(B∪C)A \cap (B \cup C).

    A∩(B∪C)={3,6,9,12}∩{1,2,3,4,6,8,9,12}A \cap (B \cup C) = \{3, 6, 9, 12\} \cap \{1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12\}

    The common elements are 3, 6, 9, 12.

    A∩(B∪C)={3,6,9,12}A \cap (B \cup C) = \{3, 6, 9, 12\}
  7. Find the number of elements in A∩(B∪C)A \cap (B \cup C), denoted as n[A∩(B∪C)]n[A \cap (B \cup C)].

    The set A∩(B∪C)A \cap (B \cup C) has 4 elements.

    n[A∩(B∪C)]=4n[A \cap (B \cup C)] = 4

    The value of n[A∩(B∪C)]n[A \cap (B \cup C)] is 4\boxed{4}.

Part b

0 and 10 \text{ and } 1

  1. Rewrite the equation using exponent rules.

    The given equation is 32y−4×3y+3=03^{2y} - 4 \times 3^y + 3 = 0.
    We can write 32y3^{2y} as (3y)2(3^y)^2.

    (3y)2−4×3y+3=0(3^y)^2 - 4 \times 3^y + 3 = 0
  2. Use a substitution to transform the equation into a quadratic form.

    Let u=3yu = 3^y. Substitute uu into the equation:

    u2−4u+3=0u^2 - 4u + 3 = 0
  3. Solve the quadratic equation for uu.

    Factor the quadratic equation:

    (u−1)(u−3)=0(u - 1)(u - 3) = 0

    This gives two possible values for uu:

    u−1=0  ⟹  u=1u - 1 = 0 \implies u = 1 u−3=0  ⟹  u=3u - 3 = 0 \implies u = 3
  4. Substitute back u=3yu = 3^y and solve for yy.

    Case 1: u=1u = 1

    3y=13^y = 1

    Since 30=13^0 = 1, we have:

    y=0y = 0

    Case 2: u=3u = 3

    3y=33^y = 3

    Since 31=33^1 = 3, we have:

    y=1y = 1

    The solutions for yy are 0 and 1\boxed{0 \text{ and } 1}.

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