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Given the vector m = 1+2j and n = 3j, find (i) The angle between m and n, (ii) The projection of m on n.

Mathematics

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Answers

2 parts
i

26.57∘\mathbf{26.57^\circ}

ii

2\mathbf{2}

Step-by-step solution

4 steps

Given the vectors m⃗=1i⃗+2j⃗\vec{m} = 1\vec{i} + 2\vec{j} and n⃗=3j⃗\vec{n} = 3\vec{j}.

Part i· 3 steps

The angle between m⃗\vec{m} and n⃗\vec{n}

  1. Calculate the dot product of m⃗\vec{m} and n⃗\vec{n}.

    The vectors can be written as m⃗=(12)\vec{m} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix} and n⃗=(03)\vec{n} = \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix}.

    m⃗⋅n⃗=(1)(0)+(2)(3)=0+6=6\vec{m} \cdot \vec{n} = (1)(0) + (2)(3) = 0 + 6 = 6
  2. Calculate the magnitudes of m⃗\vec{m} and n⃗\vec{n}.

    ∣m⃗∣=12+22=1+4=5|\vec{m}| = \sqrt{1^2 + 2^2} = \sqrt{1 + 4} = \sqrt{5} ∣n⃗∣=02+32=9=3|\vec{n}| = \sqrt{0^2 + 3^2} = \sqrt{9} = 3
  3. Use the dot product formula to find the angle θ\theta.

    The formula is cos⁡θ=m⃗⋅n⃗∣m⃗∣∣n⃗∣\cos \theta = \frac{\vec{m} \cdot \vec{n}}{|\vec{m}| |\vec{n}|}.

    cos⁡θ=65⋅3=25\cos \theta = \frac{6}{\sqrt{5} \cdot 3} = \frac{2}{\sqrt{5}} θ=arccos⁡(25)\theta = \arccos\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{5}}\right) θ≈26.57∘\theta \approx 26.57^\circ

    The angle between m⃗\vec{m} and n⃗\vec{n} is 26.57∘\boxed{\mathbf{26.57^\circ}}.

Part ii

2\mathbf{2}

The projection of m⃗\vec{m} on n⃗\vec{n}

  1. Calculate the scalar projection of m⃗\vec{m} on n⃗\vec{n}.

    The scalar projection of vector A⃗\vec{A} on vector B⃗\vec{B} is given by compB⃗A⃗=A⃗⋅B⃗∣B⃗∣\text{comp}_{\vec{B}} \vec{A} = \frac{\vec{A} \cdot \vec{B}}{|\vec{B}|}.
    Using the values from previous steps:

    compn⃗m⃗=m⃗⋅n⃗∣n⃗∣=63=2\text{comp}_{\vec{n}} \vec{m} = \frac{\vec{m} \cdot \vec{n}}{|\vec{n}|} = \frac{6}{3} = 2

    The projection of m⃗\vec{m} on n⃗\vec{n} is 2\boxed{\mathbf{2}}.

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