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Identify the type of triangle.

Mathematics

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4 parts
a

x=46∘,y=88∘x = 46^\circ, y = 88^\circ

b

x=106∘x = 106^\circ

c

x=8∘,y=113∘x = 8^\circ, y = 113^\circ

d

x=20 cmx = 20 \text{ cm}

Step-by-step solution

11 steps

Here are the calculations for the unknown values in each diagram:

Part a· 3 steps

  1. Identify the type of triangle.

    The tick marks on sides NP and PO indicate that NP=PONP = PO. Therefore, △NPO\triangle NPO is an isosceles triangle.

  2. Apply properties of isosceles triangles.

    In an isosceles triangle, the angles opposite the equal sides are equal.

    ∠PNO=∠PON=46∘\angle PNO = \angle PON = 46^\circ

    Thus, x=46∘x = 46^\circ.

  3. Apply the sum of angles in a triangle.

    The sum of angles in △NPO\triangle NPO is 180∘180^\circ.

    ∠NPO+∠PNO+∠PON=180∘\angle NPO + \angle PNO + \angle PON = 180^\circ y+46∘+46∘=180∘y + 46^\circ + 46^\circ = 180^\circ y+92∘=180∘y + 92^\circ = 180^\circ y=180∘−92∘y = 180^\circ - 92^\circ y=88∘y = 88^\circ

    The unknown values are:

    x=46∘,y=88∘\boxed{x = 46^\circ, y = 88^\circ}

Part b

x=106∘x = 106^\circ

  1. Identify the given angles.

    In △RST\triangle RST, ∠R=34∘\angle R = 34^\circ and ∠S=72∘\angle S = 72^\circ.

  2. Apply the exterior angle theorem.

    The exterior angle xx at vertex T is equal to the sum of the two opposite interior angles.

    x=∠R+∠Sx = \angle R + \angle S x=34∘+72∘x = 34^\circ + 72^\circ x=106∘x = 106^\circ

    The unknown value is:

    x=106∘\boxed{x = 106^\circ}

Part c

x=8∘,y=113∘x = 8^\circ, y = 113^\circ

  1. Find angle yy.

    The angle yy and the 67∘67^\circ angle form a linear pair on a straight line. Angles on a straight line sum to 180∘180^\circ.

    y+67∘=180∘y + 67^\circ = 180^\circ y=180∘−67∘y = 180^\circ - 67^\circ y=113∘y = 113^\circ
  2. Find angle xx.

    The sum of angles in △UTW\triangle UTW is 180∘180^\circ.

    ∠U+∠UTW+∠TWU=180∘\angle U + \angle UTW + \angle TWU = 180^\circ 59∘+x+y=180∘59^\circ + x + y = 180^\circ

    Substitute the value of yy:

    59∘+x+113∘=180∘59^\circ + x + 113^\circ = 180^\circ x+172∘=180∘x + 172^\circ = 180^\circ x=180∘−172∘x = 180^\circ - 172^\circ x=8∘x = 8^\circ

    The unknown values are:

    x=8∘,y=113∘\boxed{x = 8^\circ, y = 113^\circ}

Part d

x=20 cmx = 20 \text{ cm}

  1. Analyze the given triangles.

    We have two right-angled triangles: △HLN\triangle HLN (right-angled at L) and △SRT\triangle SRT (right-angled at R).
    From the angle markings:
    ∠H=∠S\angle H = \angle S (one arc)
    ∠N=∠T\angle N = \angle T (two arcs)
    ∠L=∠R=90∘\angle L = \angle R = 90^\circ (right angle symbol)

  2. Determine similarity.

    Since all three corresponding angles are equal, the two triangles are similar by the AAA (Angle-Angle-Angle) similarity criterion.
    The correspondence of vertices is H↔SH \leftrightarrow S, L↔RL \leftrightarrow R, N↔TN \leftrightarrow T.

  3. Set up ratios of corresponding sides.

    For similar triangles, the ratio of corresponding sides is equal:

    HLSR=HNST\frac{HL}{SR} = \frac{HN}{ST}
  4. Substitute known values and solve for xx.

    Given: HL=15HL = 15 cm, HN=18HN = 18 cm, ST=24ST = 24 cm, SR=xSR = x cm.

    15x=1824\frac{15}{x} = \frac{18}{24}

    Simplify the ratio on the right side:

    1824=3×64×6=34\frac{18}{24} = \frac{3 \times 6}{4 \times 6} = \frac{3}{4}

    So, the equation becomes:

    15x=34\frac{15}{x} = \frac{3}{4}

    Cross-multiply:

    15×4=3×x15 \times 4 = 3 \times x 60=3x60 = 3x x=603x = \frac{60}{3} x=20x = 20

    The length is in cm.
    The unknown value is:

    x=20 cm\boxed{x = 20 \text{ cm}}
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