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If 25 sin θ = -7 and 0° < θ < 270°, determine with the aid of a diagram, the values of the following: 1.1 tan θ 1.2 sec (180° – θ)

Mathematics

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QUESTION 3

3.1 Given 25sin⁡θ=−725 \sin \theta = -7 and 0∘<θ<270∘0^\circ < \theta < 270^\circ.
From 25sin⁡θ=−725 \sin \theta = -7, we have sin⁡θ=−725\sin \theta = -\frac{7}{25}.
Since sin⁡θ\sin \theta is negative and 0∘<θ<270∘0^\circ < \theta < 270^\circ, θ\theta lies in the third quadrant.
We can construct a right-angled triangle where the opposite side is 7 and the hypotenuse is 25.
Using Pythagoras' theorem, the adjacent side is 252−72=625−49=576=24\sqrt{25^2 - 7^2} = \sqrt{625 - 49} = \sqrt{576} = 24.
In the third quadrant, xx is negative and yy is negative. So, x=−24x = -24, y=−7y = -7, r=25r = 25.

3.1.1 tan θ\theta

  1. Use the definition of tan⁡θ=yx\tan \theta = \frac{y}{x}.

    tan⁡θ=−7−24\tan \theta = \frac{-7}{-24}
  2. Simplify the fraction.

    tan⁡θ=724\tan \theta = \frac{7}{24}

    The value of tan⁡θ\tan \theta is \boxed{\text{}\frac{7}{24}}}.

    3.1.2 sec (180∘−θ)(180^\circ - \theta)

  3. Use the reduction formula sec⁡(180∘−θ)=−sec⁡θ\sec(180^\circ - \theta) = -\sec \theta.

  4. Calculate cos⁡θ=xr\cos \theta = \frac{x}{r}.

    cos⁡θ=−2425\cos \theta = \frac{-24}{25}
  5. Calculate sec⁡θ=1cos⁡θ\sec \theta = \frac{1}{\cos \theta}.

    sec⁡θ=1−2425=−2524\sec \theta = \frac{1}{\frac{-24}{25}} = -\frac{25}{24}
  6. Substitute the value of sec⁡θ\sec \theta into the reduction formula.

    sec⁡(180∘−θ)=−(−2524)\sec(180^\circ - \theta) = - \left(-\frac{25}{24}\right) sec⁡(180∘−θ)=2524\sec(180^\circ - \theta) = \frac{25}{24}

    The value of sec⁡(180∘−θ)\sec(180^\circ - \theta) is \boxed{\text{}\frac{25}{24}}}.

    3.2 Determine the values of β\beta, if cos⁡(β−60∘)=0.25\cos(\beta - 60^\circ) = 0.25 and 0∘≤β≤360∘0^\circ \le \beta \le 360^\circ.

  7. Let A=β−60∘A = \beta - 60^\circ.

    So, cos⁡A=0.25\cos A = 0.25.

  8. Find the reference angle α\alpha.

    α=arccos⁡(0.25)≈75.52∘\alpha = \arccos(0.25) \approx 75.52^\circ
  9. Since cos⁡A\cos A is positive, AA is in the first or fourth quadrant.

    General solutions for AA:
    A=α+k⋅360∘A = \alpha + k \cdot 360^\circ or A=360∘−α+k⋅360∘A = 360^\circ - \alpha + k \cdot 360^\circ, where kk is an integer.

  10. Substitute A=β−60∘A = \beta - 60^\circ and solve for β\beta.

    Case 1: A=75.52∘+k⋅360∘A = 75.52^\circ + k \cdot 360^\circ

    β−60∘=75.52∘+k⋅360∘\beta - 60^\circ = 75.52^\circ + k \cdot 360^\circ β=135.52∘+k⋅360∘\beta = 135.52^\circ + k \cdot 360^\circ

    For k=0k=0, β=135.52∘\beta = 135.52^\circ. (This is within 0∘≤β≤360∘0^\circ \le \beta \le 360^\circ)

    Case 2: A=360∘−75.52∘+k⋅360∘=284.48∘+k⋅360∘A = 360^\circ - 75.52^\circ + k \cdot 360^\circ = 284.48^\circ + k \cdot 360^\circ

    β−60∘=284.48∘+k⋅360∘\beta - 60^\circ = 284.48^\circ + k \cdot 360^\circ β=344.48∘+k⋅360∘\beta = 344.48^\circ + k \cdot 360^\circ

    For k=0k=0, β=344.48∘\beta = 344.48^\circ. (This is within 0∘≤β≤360∘0^\circ \le \beta \le 360^\circ)

    The values of β\beta are \boxed{\text{135.52^\circ and 344.48^\circ}}.

    QUESTION 4

    4.1 Simplify:

    cot⁡(180∘+θ)sec⁡(360∘−θ)sin⁡(360∘−θ)sin⁡(180∘+θ)+cos⁡(540∘+θ)cos⁡(180∘−θ)\frac{\cot(180^\circ+\theta)\sec(360^\circ-\theta)}{\sin(360^\circ-\theta)\sin(180^\circ+\theta)+\cos(540^\circ+\theta)\cos(180^\circ-\theta)}
  11. Simplify the terms in the numerator using reduction formulas.

    • cot⁡(180∘+θ)=cot⁡θ\cot(180^\circ+\theta) = \cot \theta (cot is positive in Q3)
    • sec⁡(360∘−θ)=sec⁡θ\sec(360^\circ-\theta) = \sec \theta (sec is positive in Q4) Numerator: cot⁡θ⋅sec⁡θ\cot \theta \cdot \sec \theta
  12. Simplify the terms in the denominator using reduction formulas.

    • sin⁡(360∘−θ)=−sin⁡θ\sin(360^\circ-\theta) = -\sin \theta (sin is negative in Q4)
    • sin⁡(180∘+θ)=−sin⁡θ\sin(180^\circ+\theta) = -\sin \theta (sin is negative in Q3)
    • cos⁡(540∘+θ)=cos⁡(180∘+360∘+θ)=cos⁡(180∘+θ)=−cos⁡θ\cos(540^\circ+\theta) = \cos(180^\circ + 360^\circ + \theta) = \cos(180^\circ+\theta) = -\cos \theta (cos is negative in Q3)
    • cos⁡(180∘−θ)=−cos⁡θ\cos(180^\circ-\theta) = -\cos \theta (cos is negative in Q2)
  13. Substitute the simplified terms into the expression.

    (cot⁡θ)(sec⁡θ)(−sin⁡θ)(−sin⁡θ)+(−cos⁡θ)(−cos⁡θ)\frac{(\cot \theta)(\sec \theta)}{(-\sin \theta)(-\sin \theta) + (-\cos \theta)(-\cos \theta)} =cot⁡θ⋅sec⁡θsin⁡2θ+cos⁡2θ= \frac{\cot \theta \cdot \sec \theta}{\sin^2 \theta + \cos^2 \theta}
  14. Use the identity sin⁡2θ+cos⁡2θ=1\sin^2 \theta + \cos^2 \theta = 1 for the denominator.

    =cot⁡θ⋅sec⁡θ1= \frac{\cot \theta \cdot \sec \theta}{1}
  15. Express cot⁡θ\cot \theta and sec⁡θ\sec \theta in terms of sin⁡θ\sin \theta and cos⁡θ\cos \theta.

    =cos⁡θsin⁡θ⋅1cos⁡θ= \frac{\cos \theta}{\sin \theta} \cdot \frac{1}{\cos \theta}
  16. Simplify the expression.

    =1sin⁡θ= \frac{1}{\sin \theta} =csc⁡θ= \csc \theta

    The simplified expression is \boxed{\text{}\csc \theta}}.

    4.2 Prove that:

    11+cos⁡x+11−cos⁡x=2csc⁡2x\frac{1}{1+\cos x} + \frac{1}{1-\cos x} = 2\csc^2 x
  17. Start with the Left Hand Side (LHS) and find a common denominator.

    LHS=11+cos⁡x+11−cos⁡x\text{LHS} = \frac{1}{1+\cos x} + \frac{1}{1-\cos x} LHS=(1−cos⁡x)+(1+cos⁡x)(1+cos⁡x)(1−cos⁡x)\text{LHS} = \frac{(1-\cos x) + (1+\cos x)}{(1+\cos x)(1-\cos x)}
  18. Simplify the numerator and the denominator.

    LHS=1−cos⁡x+1+cos⁡x1−cos⁡2x\text{LHS} = \frac{1-\cos x + 1+\cos x}{1-\cos^2 x} LHS=21−cos⁡2x\text{LHS} = \frac{2}{1-\cos^2 x}
  19. Use the Pythagorean identity sin⁡2x+cos⁡2x=1\sin^2 x + \cos^2 x = 1, which implies 1−cos⁡2x=sin⁡2x1 - \cos^2 x = \sin^2 x.

    LHS=2sin⁡2x\text{LHS} = \frac{2}{\sin^2 x}
  20. Use the reciprocal identity csc⁡x=1sin⁡x\csc x = \frac{1}{\sin x}, which implies csc⁡2x=1sin⁡2x\csc^2 x = \frac{1}{\sin^2 x}.

    LHS=2csc⁡2x\text{LHS} = 2 \csc^2 x
  21. Compare the LHS with the Right Hand Side (RHS).

    LHS=RHS\text{LHS} = \text{RHS}

    The identity is proven.

    QUESTION 5

    Given the functions defined by f(x)=tan⁡3xf(x) = \tan 3x and g(x)=sin⁡6xg(x) = \sin 6x for x∈[0∘;90∘]x \in [0^\circ; 90^\circ].

    5.1 On the same axes, given in your SPECIAL ANSWER BOOK, draw the graphs of ff and gg. Clearly show the turning points, asymptotes, endpoints, and the intercepts with the axes.

    For f(x)=tan⁡3xf(x) = \tan 3x:

    • Period: 180∘3=60∘\frac{180^\circ}{3} = 60^\circ.
    • Asymptotes: x=30∘x = 30^\circ and x=90∘x = 90^\circ.
    • x-intercepts: (0∘,0)(0^\circ, 0) and (60∘,0)(60^\circ, 0).
    • y-intercept: (0∘,0)(0^\circ, 0).
    • Endpoints: (0∘,0)(0^\circ, 0). The graph approaches infinity as x→90∘x \to 90^\circ from the left.
    • Key points for sketching: (15∘,1)(15^\circ, 1), (45∘,−1)(45^\circ, -1), (75∘,1)(75^\circ, 1).

    For g(x)=sin⁡6xg(x) = \sin 6x:

    • Period: 360∘6=60∘\frac{360^\circ}{6} = 60^\circ.
    • Amplitude: 1.
    • x-intercepts: (0∘,0)(0^\circ, 0), (30∘,0)(30^\circ, 0), (60∘,0)(60^\circ, 0), (90∘,0)(90^\circ, 0).
    • y-intercept: (0∘,0)(0^\circ, 0).
    • Turning points: Maximum at (15∘,1)(15^\circ, 1) and (75∘,1)(75^\circ, 1). Minimum at (45∘,−1)(45^\circ, -1).
    • Endpoints: (0∘,0)(0^\circ, 0) and (90∘,0)(90^\circ, 0).

    5.2 Write down the period of ff and gg.

  22. Calculate the period for f(x)=tan⁡3xf(x) = \tan 3x.

    Pf=180∘∣B∣=180∘3=60∘P_f = \frac{180^\circ}{|B|} = \frac{180^\circ}{3} = 60^\circ
  23. Calculate the period for g(x)=sin⁡6xg(x) = \sin 6x.

    Pg=360∘∣B∣=360∘6=60∘P_g = \frac{360^\circ}{|B|} = \frac{360^\circ}{6} = 60^\circ

    The period of f(x)f(x) is \boxed{\text{60^\circ}}.
    The period of g(x)g(x) is \boxed{\text{60^\circ}}.

    5.3 Use your graphs to determine for which values of xx is tan⁡3x=sin⁡6x\tan 3x = \sin 6x. Give any TWO values.

    By observing the key points and intercepts from the graph analysis in 5.1, the graphs intersect at several points within the given domain.

    • At x=0∘x=0^\circ: f(0∘)=tan⁡(0∘)=0f(0^\circ) = \tan(0^\circ) = 0, g(0∘)=sin⁡(0∘)=0g(0^\circ) = \sin(0^\circ) = 0. So x=0∘x=0^\circ is a solution.
    • At x=15∘x=15^\circ: f(15∘)=tan⁡(45∘)=1f(15^\circ) = \tan(45^\circ) = 1, g(15∘)=sin⁡(90∘)=1g(15^\circ) = \sin(90^\circ) = 1. So x=15∘x=15^\circ is a solution.
    • At x=45∘x=45^\circ: f(45∘)=tan⁡(135∘)=−1f(45^\circ) = \tan(135^\circ) = -1, g(45∘)=sin⁡(270∘)=−1g(45^\circ) = \sin(270^\circ) = -1. So x=45∘x=45^\circ is a solution.
    • At x=60∘x=60^\circ: f(60∘)=tan⁡(180∘)=0f(60^\circ) = \tan(180^\circ) = 0, g(60∘)=sin⁡(360∘)=0g(60^\circ) = \sin(360^\circ) = 0. So x=60∘x=60^\circ is a solution.
    • At x=75∘x=75^\circ: f(75∘)=tan⁡(225∘)=1f(75^\circ) = \tan(225^\circ) = 1, g(75∘)=sin⁡(450∘)=sin⁡(90∘)=1g(75^\circ) = \sin(450^\circ) = \sin(90^\circ) = 1. So x=75∘x=75^\circ is a solution.

    Any two of these values can be given.
    Two values for which tan⁡3x=sin⁡6x\tan 3x = \sin 6x are \boxed{\text{0^\circ and 15^\circ}}. (Other valid answers include 45∘,60∘,75∘45^\circ, 60^\circ, 75^\circ)

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