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If the universal set is the set of integers from 1 to 20 inclusive, list the elements of each of the following sets: i. A = all even numbers ii. B = all prime numbers iii. C = all perfect squares iv. D = all perfect cubes v. E = all odd numbers

Mathematics

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2B, Question 1:

The universal set ξ\xi is the set of integers from 1 to 20 inclusive.
So, ξ={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20}\xi = \{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20\}.

Part i· 1 step

A = {all even numbers}

  1. Identify all even numbers within the universal set ξ\xi.

    Even numbers are integers divisible by 2.

    A={2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20}A = \{2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20\}

    The elements of set A are {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20}\boxed{\text{\{2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20\}}}.

Part ii· 1 step

B = {all prime numbers}

  1. Identify all prime numbers within the universal set ξ\xi.

    Prime numbers are natural numbers greater than 1 that have no positive divisors other than 1 and themselves.

    B={2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19}B = \{2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19\}

    The elements of set B are {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19}\boxed{\text{\{2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19\}}}.

Part iii· 1 step

C = {all perfect squares}

  1. Identify all perfect squares within the universal set ξ\xi.

    Perfect squares are numbers that can be expressed as the square of an integer.
    12=11^2 = 1
    22=42^2 = 4
    32=93^2 = 9
    42=164^2 = 16
    52=255^2 = 25 (This is greater than 20, so it is not in ξ\xi)

    C={1,4,9,16}C = \{1, 4, 9, 16\}

    The elements of set C are {1, 4, 9, 16}\boxed{\text{\{1, 4, 9, 16\}}}.

Part iv· 1 step

D = {all perfect cubes}

  1. Identify all perfect cubes within the universal set ξ\xi.

    Perfect cubes are numbers that can be expressed as the cube of an integer.
    13=11^3 = 1
    23=82^3 = 8
    33=273^3 = 27 (This is greater than 20, so it is not in ξ\xi)

    D={1,8}D = \{1, 8\}

    The elements of set D are {1, 8}\boxed{\text{\{1, 8\}}}.

Part v· 1 step

E = {all odd numbers}

  1. Identify all odd numbers within the universal set ξ\xi.

    Odd numbers are integers not divisible by 2.

    E={1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19}E = \{1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19\}

    The elements of set E are {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19}\boxed{\text{\{1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19\}}}.

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