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In a class of 95 students, 38 students are in set P only, 13 students are in set Q only, and the number of students in both P and Q is x. The number of students in P is 2x + 38, and the number of stud

Mathematics

ScanSolve AI Answer

Answer

11\text{11}

84\text{84}

Step-by-step solution

3 steps

Here's how to solve the problem:

  1. Set up the equation for n(P∪Q)n(P \cup Q).

    The total number of elements in P∪QP \cup Q is the sum of the elements in all three regions of the Venn diagram: the elements only in P, the elements in the intersection of P and Q, and the elements only in Q.

    n(P∪Q)=(38+2x)+x+(13+x)n(P \cup Q) = (38+2x) + x + (13+x)

    We are given that n(P∪Q)=95n(P \cup Q) = 95.

    95=38+2x+x+13+x95 = 38+2x+x+13+x
  2. Solve for xx.

    Combine the constant terms and the terms with xx:

    95=(38+13)+(2x+x+x)95 = (38+13) + (2x+x+x) 95=51+4x95 = 51 + 4x

    Subtract 51 from both sides:

    95−51=4x95 - 51 = 4x 44=4x44 = 4x

    Divide by 4:

    x=444x = \frac{44}{4} x=11x = 11

    The value of xx is 11\boxed{\text{11}}.

  3. Calculate n(P∩Q)′n(P \cap Q)'.

    n(P∩Q)′n(P \cap Q)' represents the number of elements that are not in the intersection of P and Q. In the context of this problem, where n(P∪Q)n(P \cup Q) is given as the total, this means the elements within P∪QP \cup Q but outside P∩QP \cap Q.
    This is the sum of elements only in P and elements only in Q.

    n(P∩Q)′=n(P only)+n(Q only)n(P \cap Q)' = n(\text{P only}) + n(\text{Q only}) n(P∩Q)′=(38+2x)+(13+x)n(P \cap Q)' = (38+2x) + (13+x)

    Substitute the value of x=11x=11:

    n(P∩Q)′=(38+2(11))+(13+11)n(P \cap Q)' = (38+2(11)) + (13+11) n(P∩Q)′=(38+22)+(24)n(P \cap Q)' = (38+22) + (24) n(P∩Q)′=60+24n(P \cap Q)' = 60 + 24 n(P∩Q)′=84n(P \cap Q)' = 84

    Alternatively, n(P∩Q)′=n(P∪Q)−n(P∩Q)n(P \cap Q)' = n(P \cup Q) - n(P \cap Q).
    Since n(P∩Q)=x=11n(P \cap Q) = x = 11:

    n(P∩Q)′=95−11n(P \cap Q)' = 95 - 11 n(P∩Q)′=84n(P \cap Q)' = 84

    The value of n(P∩Q)′n(P \cap Q)' is 84\boxed{\text{84}}.

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