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In the diagram, MNPQ is a circle with centre O. MNQ = y extordmasculine, NEP = x extordmasculine, NMP = (100−x) extordmasculine and NFP = (5x) extordmasculine. Find the values of x and y.

Mathematics

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Answer

x=25,y=50x=25, y=50

Step-by-step solution

4 steps
  1. Relate angles to intercepted arcs.

    The angle subtended by an arc at the circumference is half the measure of the arc.
    Given ∠NMP=(100−x)∘\angle NMP = (100-x)^\circ, the measure of arc NP is 2×(100−x)∘2 \times (100-x)^\circ.
    Given ∠MNQ=y∘\angle MNQ = y^\circ, the measure of arc MQ is 2×y∘2 \times y^\circ.

  2. Use the theorem for angles formed by intersecting chords inside a circle.

    The angle formed by two chords intersecting inside a circle is half the sum of the measures of the intercepted arcs. ∠NFP\angle NFP is formed by chords NP and MQ intersecting at F. The intercepted arcs are NP and MQ.

    ∠NFP=12(arc NP+arc MQ)\angle NFP = \frac{1}{2} (\text{arc NP} + \text{arc MQ})

    Substitute the given values: ∠NFP=(5x)∘\angle NFP = (5x)^\circ.

    5x=12(2(100−x)+2y)5x = \frac{1}{2} (2(100-x) + 2y) 5x=100−x+y5x = 100 - x + y

    Rearrange to form Equation 1:

    6x−y=100(1)6x - y = 100 \quad (1)
  3. Use the theorem for angles formed by two secants intersecting outside a circle.

    The angle formed by two secants intersecting outside a circle is half the difference of the measures of the intercepted arcs. ∠NEP\angle NEP is formed by secants NE and ME intersecting at E. The intercepted arcs are NP and MQ.

    ∠NEP=12(arc NP−arc MQ)\angle NEP = \frac{1}{2} (\text{arc NP} - \text{arc MQ})

    Substitute the given values: ∠NEP=x∘\angle NEP = x^\circ.

    x=12(2(100−x)−2y)x = \frac{1}{2} (2(100-x) - 2y) x=100−x−yx = 100 - x - y

    Rearrange to form Equation 2:

    2x+y=100(2)2x + y = 100 \quad (2)
  4. Solve the system of linear equations.

    We have the system:

    1. 6x−y=1006x - y = 100
    2. 2x+y=1002x + y = 100

    Add Equation (1) and Equation (2):

    (6x−y)+(2x+y)=100+100(6x - y) + (2x + y) = 100 + 100 8x=2008x = 200 x=2008x = \frac{200}{8} x=25x = 25

    Substitute x=25x=25 into Equation (2):

    2(25)+y=1002(25) + y = 100 50+y=10050 + y = 100 y=100−50y = 100 - 50 y=50y = 50

    The values are x=25,y=50x=25, y=50.

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