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Evaluate the integral: integral x2 e^-x\,dx

Mathematics

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Answer

−e−x(x2+2x+2)+C-e^{-x}(x^2 + 2x + 2) + C

Step-by-step solution

3 steps

to evaluate the integral ∫x2e−x dx\int x^2 e^{-x}\,dx, we will use integration by parts, which states ∫u dv=uv−∫v du\int u\,dv = uv - \int v\,du. We will apply this method twice.

  1. First application of integration by parts.

    Choose uu and dvdv:
    Let u=x2u = x^2
    Then du=2x dxdu = 2x\,dx

    Let dv=e−x dxdv = e^{-x}\,dx
    Then v=∫e−x dx=−e−xv = \int e^{-x}\,dx = -e^{-x}

    Apply the integration by parts formula:

    ∫x2e−x dx=x2(−e−x)−∫(−e−x)(2x) dx\int x^2 e^{-x}\,dx = x^2(-e^{-x}) - \int (-e^{-x})(2x)\,dx ∫x2e−x dx=−x2e−x+2∫xe−x dx\int x^2 e^{-x}\,dx = -x^2 e^{-x} + 2 \int x e^{-x}\,dx
  2. Second application of integration by parts for the integral ∫xe−x dx\int x e^{-x}\,dx.

    Choose new uu and dvdv:
    Let u1=xu_1 = x
    Then du1=dxdu_1 = dx

    Let dv1=e−x dxdv_1 = e^{-x}\,dx
    Then v1=∫e−x dx=−e−xv_1 = \int e^{-x}\,dx = -e^{-x}

    Apply the integration by parts formula to ∫xe−x dx\int x e^{-x}\,dx:

    ∫xe−x dx=x(−e−x)−∫(−e−x) dx\int x e^{-x}\,dx = x(-e^{-x}) - \int (-e^{-x})\,dx ∫xe−x dx=−xe−x+∫e−x dx\int x e^{-x}\,dx = -x e^{-x} + \int e^{-x}\,dx ∫xe−x dx=−xe−x−e−x\int x e^{-x}\,dx = -x e^{-x} - e^{-x}
  3. Substitute the result from Step 2 back into the equation from Step 1.

    ∫x2e−x dx=−x2e−x+2(−xe−x−e−x)+C\int x^2 e^{-x}\,dx = -x^2 e^{-x} + 2 (-x e^{-x} - e^{-x}) + C ∫x2e−x dx=−x2e−x−2xe−x−2e−x+C\int x^2 e^{-x}\,dx = -x^2 e^{-x} - 2x e^{-x} - 2 e^{-x} + C

    We can factor out −e−x-e^{-x}:

    ∫x2e−x dx=−e−x(x2+2x+2)+C\int x^2 e^{-x}\,dx = -e^{-x}(x^2 + 2x + 2) + C

    The final answer is −e−x(x2+2x+2)+C\boxed{-e^{-x}(x^2 + 2x + 2) + C}.

    One more to go today! Send it over.

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