Integrate 1 over sin²xcos²x

Mathematics

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Answer

tan⁡x−cot⁡x+C\tan x - \cot x + C

To integrate 1sin⁡2xcos⁡2x\frac{1}{\sin^2 x \cos^2 x}, we can use trigonometric identities.

Step 1: Rewrite the numerator using the identity sin⁡2x+cos⁡2x=1\sin^2 x + \cos^2 x = 1. ∫1sin⁡2xcos⁡2xdx=∫sin⁡2x+cos⁡2xsin⁡2xcos⁡2xdx\int \frac{1}{\sin^2 x \cos^2 x} dx = \int \frac{\sin^2 x + \cos^2 x}{\sin^2 x \cos^2 x} dx

Step 2: Split the fraction into two terms. ∫(sin⁡2xsin⁡2xcos⁡2x+cos⁡2xsin⁡2xcos⁡2x)dx\int \left( \frac{\sin^2 x}{\sin^2 x \cos^2 x} + \frac{\cos^2 x}{\sin^2 x \cos^2 x} \right) dx

Step 3: Simplify each term. ∫(1cos⁡2x+1sin⁡2x)dx\int \left( \frac{1}{\cos^2 x} + \frac{1}{\sin^2 x} \right) dx Using the reciprocal identities sec⁡2x=1cos⁡2x\sec^2 x = \frac{1}{\cos^2 x} and csc⁡2x=1sin⁡2x\csc^2 x = \frac{1}{\sin^2 x}: ∫(sec⁡2x+csc⁡2x)dx\int (\sec^2 x + \csc^2 x) dx

Step 4: Integrate each term. We know that ∫sec⁡2x dx=tan⁡x+C\int \sec^2 x \, dx = \tan x + C and ∫csc⁡2x dx=−cot⁡x+C\int \csc^2 x \, dx = -\cot x + C. ∫(sec⁡2x+csc⁡2x)dx=tan⁡x−cot⁡x+C\int (\sec^2 x + \csc^2 x) dx = \tan x - \cot x + C

The final answer is tan⁡x−cot⁡x+C\boxed{\tan x - \cot x + C}.

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