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Integrate the following functions: 1. integral (16x)/(8x2 + 2)\,dx 2. integral (x2)/(x3 + 1)\,dx

Mathematics

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Here are the step-by-step solutions for the first two questions.

1. ∫16x8x2+2 dx\int \frac{16x}{8x^2 + 2}\,dx

  1. Use u-substitution.

    Let u=8x2+2u = 8x^2 + 2.

  2. Differentiate uu with respect to xx to find dudu.

    du=ddx(8x2+2) dx=(16x) dxdu = \frac{d}{dx}(8x^2 + 2)\,dx = (16x)\,dx
  3. Substitute uu and dudu into the integral.

    ∫16x8x2+2 dx=∫1u du\int \frac{16x}{8x^2 + 2}\,dx = \int \frac{1}{u}\,du
  4. Integrate with respect to uu.

    ∫1u du=ln⁡∣u∣+C\int \frac{1}{u}\,du = \ln|u| + C
  5. Substitute back u=8x2+2u = 8x^2 + 2.

    ln⁡∣8x2+2∣+C\ln|8x^2 + 2| + C

    Since 8x2+28x^2 + 2 is always positive, the absolute value is not strictly necessary.
    The final answer is ln⁡(8x2+2)+C\boxed{\ln(8x^2 + 2) + C}.

    2. ∫x2x3+1 dx\int \frac{x^2}{x^3 + 1}\,dx

  6. Use u-substitution.

    Let u=x3+1u = x^3 + 1.

  7. Differentiate uu with respect to xx to find dudu.

    du=ddx(x3+1) dx=(3x2) dxdu = \frac{d}{dx}(x^3 + 1)\,dx = (3x^2)\,dx
  8. Rearrange to solve for x2 dxx^2\,dx.

    x2 dx=13 dux^2\,dx = \frac{1}{3}\,du
  9. Substitute uu and x2 dxx^2\,dx into the integral.

    ∫x2x3+1 dx=∫1u⋅13 du=13∫1u du\int \frac{x^2}{x^3 + 1}\,dx = \int \frac{1}{u} \cdot \frac{1}{3}\,du = \frac{1}{3} \int \frac{1}{u}\,du
  10. Integrate with respect to uu.

    13∫1u du=13ln⁡∣u∣+C\frac{1}{3} \int \frac{1}{u}\,du = \frac{1}{3} \ln|u| + C
  11. Substitute back u=x3+1u = x^3 + 1.

    13ln⁡∣x3+1∣+C\frac{1}{3} \ln|x^3 + 1| + C

    The final answer is 13ln⁡∣x3+1∣+C\boxed{\frac{1}{3} \ln|x^3 + 1| + C}.

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