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Evaluate the limit: lim (x->0) [sqrt(1+x) - sqrt(1-x)] / x

Mathematics

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Answer

1

Step-by-step solution

5 steps
  1. Check for indeterminate form.

    Substitute x=0x=0 into the expression:

    1+0−1−00=1−10=1−10=00\frac{\sqrt{1+0} - \sqrt{1-0}}{0} = \frac{\sqrt{1} - \sqrt{1}}{0} = \frac{1-1}{0} = \frac{0}{0}

    This is an indeterminate form, so we need to simplify the expression.

  2. Multiply by the conjugate of the numerator.

    Multiply the numerator and the denominator by (1+x+1−x)(\sqrt{1+x} + \sqrt{1-x}):

    lim⁡x→01+x−1−xx×1+x+1−x1+x+1−x\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sqrt{1+x} - \sqrt{1-x}}{x} \times \frac{\sqrt{1+x} + \sqrt{1-x}}{\sqrt{1+x} + \sqrt{1-x}}
  3. Simplify the numerator using the difference of squares formula (a−b)(a+b)=a2−b2(a-b)(a+b) = a^2 - b^2.

    Here, a=1+xa = \sqrt{1+x} and b=1−xb = \sqrt{1-x}.

    lim⁡x→0(1+x)2−(1−x)2x(1+x+1−x)\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{(\sqrt{1+x})^2 - (\sqrt{1-x})^2}{x(\sqrt{1+x} + \sqrt{1-x})} lim⁡x→0(1+x)−(1−x)x(1+x+1−x)\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{(1+x) - (1-x)}{x(\sqrt{1+x} + \sqrt{1-x})} lim⁡x→01+x−1+xx(1+x+1−x)\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{1+x-1+x}{x(\sqrt{1+x} + \sqrt{1-x})} lim⁡x→02xx(1+x+1−x)\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{2x}{x(\sqrt{1+x} + \sqrt{1-x})}
  4. Cancel out the common factor xx.

    Since x→0x \to 0, x≠0x \neq 0, so we can cancel xx from the numerator and denominator:

    lim⁡x→021+x+1−x\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{2}{\sqrt{1+x} + \sqrt{1-x}}
  5. Substitute x=0x=0 into the simplified expression.

    21+0+1−0=21+1=21+1=22=1\frac{2}{\sqrt{1+0} + \sqrt{1-0}} = \frac{2}{\sqrt{1} + \sqrt{1}} = \frac{2}{1+1} = \frac{2}{2} = 1

    The limit is 1.

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