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List the prime numbers in K = 1, 2, 3, ..., 11. (b) Factorize completely: (x+y)(2m-n) - m(x+y).

Mathematics

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1. (a)

  • (i) List the prime numbers in K={1,2,3,…,11}K = \{1, 2, 3, \dots, 11\}.
  1. Recall the definition of a prime number.

    A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself.

  2. Identify prime numbers within the set KK.

    The prime numbers in $K$ are $\boxed{\text{2, 3, 5, 7, 11}}$.
    
    • (ii) Find the probability that a number selected at random from the set KK is not a prime number.
  3. Determine the total number of elements in set KK.

    The set $K = \{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11\}$, so there are 11 elements.
    
  4. Determine the number of prime numbers in KK.

    From part (i), the prime numbers are $\{2, 3, 5, 7, 11\}$, which is 5 prime numbers.
    
  5. Determine the number of non-prime numbers in KK.

    Number of non-prime numbers = Total numbers - Number of prime numbers
    $$
    = 11 - 5 = 6
    $$
    
  6. Calculate the probability.

    $$
    P(\text{not prime}) = \frac{\text{Number of non-prime numbers}}{\text{Total number of numbers}} = \frac{6}{11}
    $$
    The probability is $\boxed{\frac{6}{11}}$.
    

    1. (b) Factorize completely: (x+y)(2m−n)−m(x+y)(x+y)(2m-n) - m(x+y).

  7. Identify the common factor in both terms.

    The common factor is $(x+y)$.
    
  8. Factor out the common term.

    $$
    (x+y)(2m-n) - m(x+y) = (x+y)[(2m-n) - m]
    $$
    
  9. Simplify the expression inside the square brackets.

    $$
    (x+y)(2m-n-m) = (x+y)(m-n)
    $$
    The completely factorized expression is $\boxed{(x+y)(m-n)}$.
    

    1. (c) A typist charges GH¢ 68.00 for the first 8 sheets typed, and GH¢ 11.00 for each additional sheet. Calculate the amount earned if the typist typed a total of 35 sheets.

  10. Calculate the number of additional sheets.

    Total sheets typed = 35 sheets.  
    Sheets covered by the initial charge = 8 sheets.  
    Additional sheets = $35 - 8 = 27$ sheets.
    
  11. Calculate the cost for the additional sheets.

    Cost per additional sheet = GH¢ 11.00.  
    Cost for additional sheets = $27 \times \text{GH¢ } 11.00 = \text{GH¢ } 297.00$.
    
  12. Calculate the total amount earned.

    Cost for first 8 sheets = GH¢ 68.00.  
    Total amount earned = Cost for first 8 sheets + Cost for additional sheets
    $$
    = \text{GH¢ } 68.00 + \text{GH¢ } 297.00 = \text{GH¢ } 365.00
    $$
    The amount earned is $\boxed{\text{GH¢ } 365.00}$.
    

    2. (a) The image of P(2, 5) when translated by the vector rr is (-3, 8). Find:

    • (i) rr.
  13. Let the original point be P(x1,y1)=(2,5)P(x_1, y_1) = (2, 5) and the image be P′(x2,y2)=(−3,8)P'(x_2, y_2) = (-3, 8).

    Let the translation vector be r=(ab)r = \begin{pmatrix} a \\ b \end{pmatrix}.

  14. Use the translation formula

    P′=P+rP' = P + r. (−38)=(25)+(ab) \begin{pmatrix} -3 \\ 8 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 5 \end{pmatrix} + \begin{pmatrix} a \\ b \end{pmatrix}

  15. Solve for aa and bb.

    $$
    a = -3 - 2 = -5
    $$
    $$
    b = 8 - 5 = 3
    $$
    The translation vector $r$ is $\boxed{\begin{pmatrix} -5 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix}}$.
    
    • (ii) the image Q' of Q(-4, -6) when translated by rr.
  16. Let the original point be Q(xQ,yQ)=(−4,−6)Q(x_Q, y_Q) = (-4, -6) and the translation vector be r=(−53)r = \begin{pmatrix} -5 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix} from part (i).

  17. Use the translation formula

    Q′=Q+rQ' = Q + r. Q′=(−4−6)+(−53) Q' = \begin{pmatrix} -4 \\ -6 \end{pmatrix} + \begin{pmatrix} -5 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix}

  18. Calculate the coordinates of Q′Q'.

    $$
    Q' = \begin{pmatrix} -4 + (-5) \\ -6 + 3 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} -9 \\ -3 \end{pmatrix}
    $$
    The image $Q'$ is $\boxed{(-9, -3)}$.
    

    2. (b) Joyce and Richard contributed GH¢ 10,000.00 and GH¢ 5,000.00 respectively to start a business. They agreed that Richard will be paid one-third of the profit as a manager and the rest of the profit will be shared in the ratio of their contributions. If the profit of GH¢ 9,000.00 was made, how much did:

    • (i) Joyce receive;
    • (ii) Richard receive in total?
  19. Calculate Richard's manager's share.

    Total profit = GH¢ 9,000.00.  
    Richard's manager's share = $\frac{1}{3} \times \text{GH¢ } 9,000.00 = \text{GH¢ } 3,000.00$.
    
  20. Calculate the remaining profit to be shared.

    Remaining profit = Total profit - Richard's manager's share
    $$
    = \text{GH¢ } 9,000.00 - \text{GH¢ } 3,000.00 = \text{GH¢ } 6,000.00
    $$
    
  21. Determine the ratio of contributions.

    Joyce's contribution : Richard's contribution = GH¢ 10,000.00 : GH¢ 5,000.00
    $$
    = 10,000 : 5,000 = 2 : 1
    $$
    The sum of the ratio parts is $2 + 1 = 3$.
    
  22. Calculate Joyce's share from the remaining profit.

    Joyce's share = $\frac{2}{3} \times \text{GH¢ } 6,000.00 = \text{GH¢ } 4,000.00$.  
    Joyce received $\boxed{\text{GH¢ } 4,000.00}$.
    
  23. Calculate Richard's share from the remaining profit.

    Richard's share = $\frac{1}{3} \times \text{GH¢ } 6,000.00 = \text{GH¢ } 2,000.00$.
    
  24. Calculate Richard's total earnings.

    Richard's total = Richard's manager's share + Richard's share from remaining profit
    $$
    = \text{GH¢ } 3,000.00 + \text{GH¢ } 2,000.00 = \text{GH¢ } 5,000.00
    $$
    Richard received in total $\boxed{\text{GH¢ } 5,000.00}$.
    

    3. (a) Asana was engaged to collect cashew-fruits on a farm and was paid a wage of GH¢ 25.00 a day. If the daily wage increased by 10% and she worked for 30 days, how much will she be paid?

  25. Calculate the increase in daily wage.

    Original daily wage = GH¢ 25.00.  
    Increase = 10% of GH¢ 25.00 = $0.10 \times \text{GH¢ } 25.00 = \text{GH¢ } 2.50$.
    
  26. Calculate the new daily wage.

    New daily wage = Original daily wage + Increase = GH¢ 25.00 + GH¢ 2.50 = GH¢ 27.50.
    
  27. Calculate the total amount paid for 30 days.

    Total payment = New daily wage $\times$ Number of days worked
    
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