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P(-1; 2), R(3; 0) and Q(-3; a) are the vertices of a triangle in the Cartesian plane and PR = 1 Determine the coordinates of E, the midpoint of PR 2 Show that a = -2 if the midpoint of QR is (0; -1) 3 Determine the gradient of EQ

Mathematics

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2.1.1 Write down the value of tan⁡θ\tan \theta.

  1. Identify the sides relative to angle θ\theta.

    In the right-angled triangle EFG, with ∠E=90∘\angle E = 90^\circ and ∠F=θ\angle F = \theta:
    The side opposite to θ\theta is EG = 2 units.
    The side adjacent to θ\theta is EF = 3 units.

  2. Use the definition of tangent

    tan⁡θ=OppositeAdjacent\tan \theta = \frac{\text{Opposite}}{\text{Adjacent}}.

    tan⁡θ=EGEF\tan \theta = \frac{EG}{EF} tan⁡θ=23\tan \theta = \frac{2}{3}

    The value of tan⁡θ\tan \theta is ∗23∗\boxed*{\frac{2}{3}*}.

    2.1.2 Write down the value of csc⁡θ\csc \theta.

  3. Identify the sides relative to angle θ\theta.

    The side opposite to θ\theta is EG = 2 units.
    The hypotenuse is FG = 13\sqrt{13} units.

  4. Use the definition of sine

    sin⁡θ=OppositeHypotenuse\sin \theta = \frac{\text{Opposite}}{\text{Hypotenuse}}.

    sin⁡θ=EGFG\sin \theta = \frac{EG}{FG} sin⁡θ=213\sin \theta = \frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}
  5. Use the definition of cosecant

    csc⁡θ=1sin⁡θ\csc \theta = \frac{1}{\sin \theta}.

    csc⁡θ=1213\csc \theta = \frac{1}{\frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}} csc⁡θ=132\csc \theta = \frac{\sqrt{13}}{2}

    The value of csc⁡θ\csc \theta is ∗132∗\boxed*{\frac{\sqrt{13}}{2}*}.

    2.1.3 Write down the value of cos⁡(90∘−θ)\cos(90^\circ - \theta).

  6. Recognize the relationship between angles in a right-angled triangle.

    Since ∠E=90∘\angle E = 90^\circ and ∠F=θ\angle F = \theta, the third angle ∠G=180∘−90∘−θ=90∘−θ\angle G = 180^\circ - 90^\circ - \theta = 90^\circ - \theta.

  7. Use the trigonometric identity cos⁡(90∘−θ)=sin⁡θ\cos(90^\circ - \theta) = \sin \theta.

  8. From 2.1.2, we already found sin⁡θ=213\sin \theta = \frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}.

    Therefore, cos⁡(90∘−θ)=213\cos(90^\circ - \theta) = \frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}.
    The value of cos⁡(90∘−θ)\cos(90^\circ - \theta) is ∗213∗\boxed*{\frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}*}.

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