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P(3,2) Q(-1,5) and R(2,1) are vertices of a triangle. (i) Find the length of sides of the triangle. (ii) Use the dot product to find angles of the triangle.

Mathematics

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Answers

2 parts
i

PQ=5,QR=5,RP=2≈1.414\mathbf{PQ=5, QR=5, RP=\sqrt{2} \approx 1.414}

ii

P≈81.87∘,Q≈16.26∘,R≈81.87∘\mathbf{P \approx 81.87^\circ, Q \approx 16.26^\circ, R \approx 81.87^\circ}

Step-by-step solution

6 steps

Given the vertices of the triangle P(3,2)P(3,2), Q(−1,5)Q(-1,5), and R(2,1)R(2,1).

Part i· 3 steps

Find the length of sides of the triangle.

  1. Calculate the length of side PQ using the distance formula d=(x2−x1)2+(y2−y1)2d = \sqrt{(x_2-x_1)^2 + (y_2-y_1)^2}.

    PQ=(−1−3)2+(5−2)2=(−4)2+(3)2=16+9=25=5PQ = \sqrt{(-1-3)^2 + (5-2)^2} = \sqrt{(-4)^2 + (3)^2} = \sqrt{16 + 9} = \sqrt{25} = 5
  2. Calculate the length of side QR.

    QR=(2−(−1))2+(1−5)2=(3)2+(−4)2=9+16=25=5QR = \sqrt{(2-(-1))^2 + (1-5)^2} = \sqrt{(3)^2 + (-4)^2} = \sqrt{9 + 16} = \sqrt{25} = 5
  3. Calculate the length of side RP.

    RP=(3−2)2+(2−1)2=(1)2+(1)2=1+1=2≈1.414RP = \sqrt{(3-2)^2 + (2-1)^2} = \sqrt{(1)^2 + (1)^2} = \sqrt{1 + 1} = \sqrt{2} \approx 1.414

    The lengths of the sides are PQ=5,QR=5,RP=2≈1.414\boxed{\mathbf{PQ=5, QR=5, RP=\sqrt{2} \approx 1.414}}.

Part ii

P≈81.87∘,Q≈16.26∘,R≈81.87∘\mathbf{P \approx 81.87^\circ, Q \approx 16.26^\circ, R \approx 81.87^\circ}

Use the dot product to find angles of the triangle.

  1. Find the angle at P (angle QPR).

    First, find the vectors PQ⃗\vec{PQ} and PR⃗\vec{PR}.

    PQ⃗=Q−P=(−1−3,5−2)=(−4,3)\vec{PQ} = Q - P = (-1-3, 5-2) = (-4, 3) PR⃗=R−P=(2−3,1−2)=(−1,−1)\vec{PR} = R - P = (2-3, 1-2) = (-1, -1)

    Now, calculate their dot product and magnitudes:

    PQ⃗⋅PR⃗=(−4)(−1)+(3)(−1)=4−3=1\vec{PQ} \cdot \vec{PR} = (-4)(-1) + (3)(-1) = 4 - 3 = 1 ∣PQ⃗∣=5|\vec{PQ}| = 5 ∣PR⃗∣=(−1)2+(−1)2=1+1=2|\vec{PR}| = \sqrt{(-1)^2 + (-1)^2} = \sqrt{1+1} = \sqrt{2}

    Using the formula cos⁡θ=A⃗⋅B⃗∣A⃗∣∣B⃗∣\cos \theta = \frac{\vec{A} \cdot \vec{B}}{|\vec{A}| |\vec{B}|}:

    cos⁡P=15⋅2=152\cos P = \frac{1}{5 \cdot \sqrt{2}} = \frac{1}{5\sqrt{2}} P=arccos⁡(152)≈81.87∘P = \arccos\left(\frac{1}{5\sqrt{2}}\right) \approx 81.87^\circ
  2. Find the angle at Q (angle PQR).

    First, find the vectors QP⃗\vec{QP} and QR⃗\vec{QR}.

    QP⃗=P−Q=(3−(−1),2−5)=(4,−3)\vec{QP} = P - Q = (3-(-1), 2-5) = (4, -3) QR⃗=R−Q=(2−(−1),1−5)=(3,−4)\vec{QR} = R - Q = (2-(-1), 1-5) = (3, -4)

    Now, calculate their dot product and magnitudes:

    QP⃗⋅QR⃗=(4)(3)+(−3)(−4)=12+12=24\vec{QP} \cdot \vec{QR} = (4)(3) + (-3)(-4) = 12 + 12 = 24 ∣QP⃗∣=42+(−3)2=16+9=25=5|\vec{QP}| = \sqrt{4^2 + (-3)^2} = \sqrt{16+9} = \sqrt{25} = 5 ∣QR⃗∣=32+(−4)2=9+16=25=5|\vec{QR}| = \sqrt{3^2 + (-4)^2} = \sqrt{9+16} = \sqrt{25} = 5

    Using the formula cos⁡θ=A⃗⋅B⃗∣A⃗∣∣B⃗∣\cos \theta = \frac{\vec{A} \cdot \vec{B}}{|\vec{A}| |\vec{B}|}:

    cos⁡Q=245⋅5=2425\cos Q = \frac{24}{5 \cdot 5} = \frac{24}{25} Q=arccos⁡(2425)≈16.26∘Q = \arccos\left(\frac{24}{25}\right) \approx 16.26^\circ
  3. Find the angle at R (angle PRQ).

    First, find the vectors RP⃗\vec{RP} and RQ⃗\vec{RQ}.

    RP⃗=P−R=(3−2,2−1)=(1,1)\vec{RP} = P - R = (3-2, 2-1) = (1, 1) RQ⃗=Q−R=(−1−2,5−1)=(−3,4)\vec{RQ} = Q - R = (-1-2, 5-1) = (-3, 4)

    Now, calculate their dot product and magnitudes:

    RP⃗⋅RQ⃗=(1)(−3)+(1)(4)=−3+4=1\vec{RP} \cdot \vec{RQ} = (1)(-3) + (1)(4) = -3 + 4 = 1 ∣RP⃗∣=12+12=2|\vec{RP}| = \sqrt{1^2 + 1^2} = \sqrt{2} ∣RQ⃗∣=(−3)2+42=9+16=25=5|\vec{RQ}| = \sqrt{(-3)^2 + 4^2} = \sqrt{9+16} = \sqrt{25} = 5

    Using the formula cos⁡θ=A⃗⋅B⃗∣A⃗∣∣B⃗∣\cos \theta = \frac{\vec{A} \cdot \vec{B}}{|\vec{A}| |\vec{B}|}:

    cos⁡R=12⋅5=152\cos R = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot 5} = \frac{1}{5\sqrt{2}} R=arccos⁡(152)≈81.87∘R = \arccos\left(\frac{1}{5\sqrt{2}}\right) \approx 81.87^\circ

    The angles of the triangle are P≈81.87∘,Q≈16.26∘,R≈81.87∘\boxed{\mathbf{P \approx 81.87^\circ, Q \approx 16.26^\circ, R \approx 81.87^\circ}}.

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