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Q1. a. Simplify the following expressing each answer in a power. b. Find the truth set of the equation. c. Solve the equation 2^(x-1) - 9(2^x) + 4 = 0

Mathematics

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Step-by-step solution

5 steps
  1. Define variables and set up trigonometric equations.

    Let HH be the total height of the pylon.
    Let hh be the height of the pylon above the theodolite's eye level.
    Let xx be the initial horizontal distance from the theodolite to the foot of the pylon.
    The height of the theodolite is 1.5m1.5\text{m}. Therefore, H=h+1.5H = h + 1.5.

    From the first position, the angle of elevation is 30∘30^\circ:

    tan⁡(30∘)=hx\tan(30^\circ) = \frac{h}{x} h=xtan⁡(30∘)(1)h = x \tan(30^\circ) \quad (1)

    The surveyor moves 60m60\text{m} nearer, so the new distance is x−60x - 60. The new angle of elevation is 42∘42^\circ:

    tan⁡(42∘)=hx−60\tan(42^\circ) = \frac{h}{x - 60} h=(x−60)tan⁡(42∘)(2)h = (x - 60) \tan(42^\circ) \quad (2)
  2. Solve the system of equations for xx.

    Equate the expressions for hh from equations (1) and (2):

    xtan⁡(30∘)=(x−60)tan⁡(42∘)x \tan(30^\circ) = (x - 60) \tan(42^\circ) xtan⁡(30∘)=xtan⁡(42∘)−60tan⁡(42∘)x \tan(30^\circ) = x \tan(42^\circ) - 60 \tan(42^\circ)

    Rearrange the terms to solve for xx:

    60tan⁡(42∘)=xtan⁡(42∘)−xtan⁡(30∘)60 \tan(42^\circ) = x \tan(42^\circ) - x \tan(30^\circ) 60tan⁡(42∘)=x(tan⁡(42∘)−tan⁡(30∘))60 \tan(42^\circ) = x (\tan(42^\circ) - \tan(30^\circ)) x=60tan⁡(42∘)tan⁡(42∘)−tan⁡(30∘)x = \frac{60 \tan(42^\circ)}{\tan(42^\circ) - \tan(30^\circ)}
  3. Calculate the numerical value of xx.

    Using a calculator:
    tan⁡(30∘)≈0.57735\tan(30^\circ) \approx 0.57735
    tan⁡(42∘)≈0.90040\tan(42^\circ) \approx 0.90040

    x=60×0.900400.90040−0.57735x = \frac{60 \times 0.90040}{0.90040 - 0.57735} x=54.0240.32305x = \frac{54.024}{0.32305} x≈167.23mx \approx 167.23\text{m}
  4. Calculate the height hh.

    Substitute the value of xx back into equation (1):

    h=xtan⁡(30∘)h = x \tan(30^\circ) h=167.23×0.57735h = 167.23 \times 0.57735 h≈96.52mh \approx 96.52\text{m}
  5. Calculate the total height of the pylon.

    The total height of the pylon HH is the height hh plus the height of the theodolite (1.5m1.5\text{m}):

    H=h+1.5mH = h + 1.5\text{m} H=96.52m+1.5mH = 96.52\text{m} + 1.5\text{m} H=98.02mH = 98.02\text{m}

    The height of the pylon is 98.02 m\boxed{\text{98.02 m}}.

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