This mathematics problem involves applying core mathematical principles and formulas. Below you will find a complete step-by-step solution with detailed explanations for each step, helping you understand not just the answer but the method behind it.

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Step 1: Let . Substitute this into the given equation.
Step 2: Multiply the entire equation by 2 to eliminate the fraction.
Step 3: Solve the quadratic equation for by factoring. This gives two possible values for :
Step 4: Substitute back for .
Step 5: Evaluate the solutions for . The range of the sine function is . Therefore, has no solution. For : The reference angle for is . Since is negative, lies in the third and fourth quadrants. In the third quadrant: . In the fourth quadrant: . Both angles are within the given range .
The solutions for are .
Step 1: Identify the temperature values at the given times from the graph. At the second minute (), the temperature is . At the tenth minute (), the temperature is .
Step 2: Calculate the change in temperature and the change in time. Change in temperature () = . Change in time () = .
Step 3: Calculate the average rate of cooling using the formula: Rate .
The average rate of cooling is .
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Let k = . Substitute this into the given equation.
This mathematics problem involves applying core mathematical principles and formulas. Below you will find a complete step-by-step solution with detailed explanations for each step, helping you understand not just the answer but the method behind it.