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Define similar triangles and state two conditions for similarity. Also find the length of side PR in the provided similar triangles.

Mathematics

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20. Define similar triangles and state two conditions for similarity.

  • Definition: Similar triangles are triangles that have the same shape but not necessarily the same size. Their corresponding angles are equal, and their corresponding sides are in proportion.
  • Conditions for Similarity:
    1. AA (Angle-Angle) Similarity: If two angles of one triangle are congruent to two angles of another triangle, then the triangles are similar.
    2. SSS (Side-Side-Side) Similarity: If the corresponding sides of two triangles are in proportion, then the triangles are similar.

21. Below are two similar triangles. Find the length of side PR.

  1. Set up the ratio of corresponding sides.

    Let the smaller triangle have base B1=8.2 cmB_1 = 8.2 \text{ cm} and height H1=6.1 cmH_1 = 6.1 \text{ cm}.
    Let the larger triangle have base B2=12.3 cmB_2 = 12.3 \text{ cm} and height H2=PRH_2 = PR.
    Since the triangles are similar, the ratio of corresponding sides is equal:

    H1H2=B1B2\frac{H_1}{H_2} = \frac{B_1}{B_2}
  2. Substitute the given values into the ratio.

    6.1 cmPR=8.2 cm12.3 cm\frac{6.1 \text{ cm}}{PR} = \frac{8.2 \text{ cm}}{12.3 \text{ cm}}
  3. Solve for PR.

    PR=6.1 cm×12.3 cm8.2 cmPR = \frac{6.1 \text{ cm} \times 12.3 \text{ cm}}{8.2 \text{ cm}} PR=75.03 cm28.2 cmPR = \frac{75.03 \text{ cm}^2}{8.2 \text{ cm}} PR=9.15 cmPR = \boxed{\text{}9.15 \text{ cm}\text{}}

    22. In two similar triangles, the ratio of corresponding sides is 2:3. If one side of the smaller triangle is 10cm, find the corresponding side of the larger triangle.

  4. Set up the ratio of the sides.

    Let SsS_s be the side of the smaller triangle and SlS_l be the corresponding side of the larger triangle.
    The ratio of corresponding sides (smaller to larger) is SsSl=23\frac{S_s}{S_l} = \frac{2}{3}.

  5. Substitute the given side length.

    Given Ss=10 cmS_s = 10 \text{ cm}.

    10 cmSl=23\frac{10 \text{ cm}}{S_l} = \frac{2}{3}
  6. Solve for SlS_l.

    2×Sl=10 cm×32 \times S_l = 10 \text{ cm} \times 3 2Sl=30 cm2 S_l = 30 \text{ cm} Sl=30 cm2S_l = \frac{30 \text{ cm}}{2} Sl=15 cmS_l = \boxed{\text{}15 \text{ cm}\text{}}

    23. Below are similar triangles with ratio of corresponding sides 3:2. If length XY = 8, find DF.

  7. Identify the triangles and corresponding sides.

    Let the first triangle be XYZ and the second triangle be DEF.
    From the image, triangle XYZ appears smaller than triangle DEF.
    The ratio of corresponding sides is given as 3:2. To match the visual representation where DF is larger than XY, we assume the ratio is (side of larger triangle) : (side of smaller triangle) = 3:2.
    So, DFXY=32\frac{DF}{XY} = \frac{3}{2}.

  8. Substitute the given length.

    Given XY=8XY = 8.

    DF8=32\frac{DF}{8} = \frac{3}{2}
  9. Solve for DF.

    2×DF=3×82 \times DF = 3 \times 8 2DF=242 DF = 24 DF=242DF = \frac{24}{2} DF=12DF = \boxed{\text{}12\text{}}
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