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Simplify the expression: ^-1((3)/(5) x + (4)/(5) x)

Mathematics

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Answer

cos⁡−1(35)−x\cos^{-1}\left(\frac{3}{5}\right) - x

Step-by-step solution

5 steps
  1. Identify the trigonometric identity.

    The expression inside the inverse cosine is in the form Acos⁡x+Bsin⁡xA \cos x + B \sin x. We can relate this to the cosine addition formula cos⁡(A−B)=cos⁡Acos⁡B+sin⁡Asin⁡B\cos(A-B) = \cos A \cos B + \sin A \sin B.
    Let's try to find an angle α\alpha such that cos⁡α=35\cos \alpha = \frac{3}{5} and sin⁡α=45\sin \alpha = \frac{4}{5}.
    We check if cos⁡2α+sin⁡2α=1\cos^2 \alpha + \sin^2 \alpha = 1:

    (35)2+(45)2=925+1625=2525=1\left(\frac{3}{5}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{4}{5}\right)^2 = \frac{9}{25} + \frac{16}{25} = \frac{25}{25} = 1

    Since the sum of squares is 1, such an angle α\alpha exists.

  2. Substitute the trigonometric values.

    Let α=cos⁡−1(35)\alpha = \cos^{-1}\left(\frac{3}{5}\right). This implies cos⁡α=35\cos \alpha = \frac{3}{5}.
    From cos⁡2α+sin⁡2α=1\cos^2 \alpha + \sin^2 \alpha = 1, we have sin⁡α=1−cos⁡2α=1−(35)2=1−925=1625=45\sin \alpha = \sqrt{1 - \cos^2 \alpha} = \sqrt{1 - \left(\frac{3}{5}\right)^2} = \sqrt{1 - \frac{9}{25}} = \sqrt{\frac{16}{25}} = \frac{4}{5}.
    So, we can rewrite the expression as:

    cos⁡−1(cos⁡αcos⁡x+sin⁡αsin⁡x)\cos^{-1}\left(\cos \alpha \cos x + \sin \alpha \sin x\right)
  3. Apply the cosine subtraction formula.

    Using the identity cos⁡(A−B)=cos⁡Acos⁡B+sin⁡Asin⁡B\cos(A-B) = \cos A \cos B + \sin A \sin B, we can simplify the argument of the inverse cosine:

    cos⁡−1(cos⁡(α−x))\cos^{-1}\left(\cos(\alpha - x)\right)
  4. Simplify using the inverse function property.

    Since cos⁡−1(cos⁡θ)=θ\cos^{-1}(\cos \theta) = \theta for θ\theta in the principal range, we get:

    α−x\alpha - x
  5. Substitute back the value of α\alpha.

    Substitute α=cos⁡−1(35)\alpha = \cos^{-1}\left(\frac{3}{5}\right) back into the expression:

    cos⁡−1(35)−x\cos^{-1}\left(\frac{3}{5}\right) - x
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