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Simplify the following expressions: (22025 - 22023) / (22021 - 22019) and (3^(x+4) - 63^(x+1)) / (73^(x+2)).

Mathematics

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Question 2.1
To determine the value of the expression, we will use the exponent rule am+n=am⋅ana^{m+n} = a^m \cdot a^n and factor out common terms.

  1. Factor out the lowest power of 2 from the numerator and the denominator.

    22025−2202322021−22019=22023(22025−2023−1)22019(22021−2019−1)\frac{2^{2025} - 2^{2023}}{2^{2021} - 2^{2019}} = \frac{2^{2023}(2^{2025-2023} - 1)}{2^{2019}(2^{2021-2019} - 1)} =22023(22−1)22019(22−1)= \frac{2^{2023}(2^2 - 1)}{2^{2019}(2^2 - 1)}
  2. Simplify the terms in the parentheses and cancel common factors.

    =22023(4−1)22019(4−1)= \frac{2^{2023}(4 - 1)}{2^{2019}(4 - 1)} =22023(3)22019(3)= \frac{2^{2023}(3)}{2^{2019}(3)} =2202322019= \frac{2^{2023}}{2^{2019}}
  3. Use the exponent rule aman=am−n\frac{a^m}{a^n} = a^{m-n} to simplify further.

    =22023−2019= 2^{2023 - 2019} =24= 2^4 =16= 16

    The value of the expression is 16\boxed{\text{16}}.

    Question 2.2.1
    To simplify the expression, we will use exponent rules and factor out common terms.

  4. Rewrite the terms in the numerator using am+n=am⋅ana^{m+n} = a^m \cdot a^n and factor out 3x+13^{x+1}.

    3x+4−6⋅3x+17⋅3x+2=3x+1⋅33−6⋅3x+17⋅3x+2\frac{3^{x+4} - 6 \cdot 3^{x+1}}{7 \cdot 3^{x+2}} = \frac{3^{x+1} \cdot 3^3 - 6 \cdot 3^{x+1}}{7 \cdot 3^{x+2}} =3x+1(33−6)7⋅3x+2= \frac{3^{x+1}(3^3 - 6)}{7 \cdot 3^{x+2}}
  5. Simplify the term in the parenthesis and rewrite 3x+23^{x+2} as 3x+1⋅313^{x+1} \cdot 3^1.

    =3x+1(27−6)7⋅3x+1⋅31= \frac{3^{x+1}(27 - 6)}{7 \cdot 3^{x+1} \cdot 3^1} =3x+1(21)7⋅3x+1⋅3= \frac{3^{x+1}(21)}{7 \cdot 3^{x+1} \cdot 3}
  6. Cancel out the common term 3x+13^{x+1} and simplify the numerical values.

    =217⋅3= \frac{21}{7 \cdot 3} =2121= \frac{21}{21} =1= 1

    The simplified expression is 1\boxed{\text{1}}.

    Question 2.2.2
    To simplify the expression, we will use the property A×B=AB\sqrt{A} \times \sqrt{B} = \sqrt{AB} and the difference of squares formula (a+b)(a−b)=a2−b2(a+b)(a-b) = a^2 - b^2.

  7. Combine the two square roots into a single square root.

    x+4x−4×x−4x−4=(x+4x−4)(x−4x−4)\sqrt{x+\sqrt{4x-4}} \times \sqrt{x-\sqrt{4x-4}} = \sqrt{(x+\sqrt{4x-4})(x-\sqrt{4x-4})}
  8. Apply the difference of squares formula inside the square root.

    Let a=xa=x and b=4x−4b=\sqrt{4x-4}.

    =x2−(4x−4)2= \sqrt{x^2 - (\sqrt{4x-4})^2} =x2−(4x−4)= \sqrt{x^2 - (4x-4)} =x2−4x+4= \sqrt{x^2 - 4x + 4}
  9. Recognize the expression inside the square root as a perfect square trinomial.

    =(x−2)2= \sqrt{(x-2)^2} =∣x−2∣= |x-2|

    The simplified expression is ∣x−2∣\boxed{|x-2|}.

    Question 2.3.1
    To solve for xx, we need to express both sides of the equation with the same base.

  10. Rewrite 125 as a power of 5.

    5x=535^{\sqrt{x}} = 5^3
  11. Since the bases are the same, equate the exponents.

    x=3\sqrt{x} = 3
  12. Square both sides to solve for xx.

    (x)2=32(\sqrt{x})^2 = 3^2 x=9x = 9

    The solution is x=9\boxed{x=9}.

    Question 2.3.2
    To solve for xx, we will transform the equation into a quadratic form.

  13. Rewrite 5−x5^{-x} as 15x\frac{1}{5^x}.

    5x+15⋅15x=25^x + 15 \cdot \frac{1}{5^x} = 2
  14. Let y=5xy = 5^x.

    Substitute yy into the equation.

    y+15y=2y + \frac{15}{y} = 2
  15. Multiply the entire equation by yy to eliminate the denominator.

    y2+15=2yy^2 + 15 = 2y
  16. Rearrange the equation into standard quadratic form ay2+by+c=0ay^2 + by + c = 0.

    y2−2y+15=0y^2 - 2y + 15 = 0
  17. Calculate the discriminant Δ=b2−4ac\Delta = b^2 - 4ac to determine the nature of the roots.

    Δ=(−2)2−4(1)(15)\Delta = (-2)^2 - 4(1)(15) Δ=4−60\Delta = 4 - 60 Δ=−56\Delta = -56

    Since the discriminant Δ<0\Delta < 0, there are no real solutions for yy. As y=5xy = 5^x must be a positive real number, there are no real solutions for xx.
    The equation has no real solutions\boxed{\text{no real solutions}}.

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