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Simplify the following expressions involving radicals and exponents: sqrt(108) + sqrt(27) - sqrt(3), (6)/(sqrt(5) - 1), and (53)2 / 54.

Mathematics

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Step-by-step solution

13 steps

Here are the solutions to the problems:

1. Simplify: 108+27−3\sqrt{108} + \sqrt{27} - \sqrt{3}

  1. Simplify each radical by finding perfect square factors.

    108=36×3=36×3=63\sqrt{108} = \sqrt{36 \times 3} = \sqrt{36} \times \sqrt{3} = 6\sqrt{3} 27=9×3=9×3=33\sqrt{27} = \sqrt{9 \times 3} = \sqrt{9} \times \sqrt{3} = 3\sqrt{3}
  2. Substitute the simplified radicals back into the expression.

    63+33−36\sqrt{3} + 3\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{3}
  3. Combine the like terms.

    (6+3−1)3=83(6 + 3 - 1)\sqrt{3} = 8\sqrt{3}

    The correct option is A.

    A. 83\boxed{\text{A. } 8\sqrt{3}}

    2. Rationalize the denominator: 65−1\frac{6}{\sqrt{5} - 1}

  4. Multiply the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator, which is 5+1\sqrt{5} + 1.

    65−1×5+15+1\frac{6}{\sqrt{5} - 1} \times \frac{\sqrt{5} + 1}{\sqrt{5} + 1}
  5. Multiply the numerators and denominators.

    Use the difference of squares formula (a−b)(a+b)=a2−b2(a-b)(a+b) = a^2 - b^2 for the denominator.

    6(5+1)(5)2−(1)2\frac{6(\sqrt{5} + 1)}{(\sqrt{5})^2 - (1)^2}
  6. Simplify the denominator.

    6(5+1)5−1=6(5+1)4\frac{6(\sqrt{5} + 1)}{5 - 1} = \frac{6(\sqrt{5} + 1)}{4}
  7. Simplify the fraction by dividing the numerator and denominator by 2.

    3(5+1)2\frac{3(\sqrt{5} + 1)}{2}

    The correct option is B.

    B. 3(5+1)/2\boxed{\text{B. } 3(\sqrt{5} + 1)/2}

    3. Simplify: (53)2÷54(5^3)^2 \div 5^4}

  8. Apply the power of a power rule, (am)n=am×n(a^m)^n = a^{m \times n}.

    (53)2=53×2=56(5^3)^2 = 5^{3 \times 2} = 5^6
  9. Substitute this back into the expression.

    56÷545^6 \div 5^4
  10. Apply the quotient rule of exponents, am÷an=am−na^m \div a^n = a^{m-n}.

    56−4=525^{6-4} = 5^2

    The correct option is A.

    A. 52\boxed{\text{A. } 5^2}

    4. Solve: 6x=2166^x = 216

  11. Express 216 as a power of 6.

    216=6×6×6=63216 = 6 \times 6 \times 6 = 6^3
  12. Substitute this into the equation.

    6x=636^x = 6^3
  13. Since the bases are equal, the exponents must be equal.

    x=3x = 3

    The correct option is B.

    B. x=3\boxed{\text{B. } x=3}
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