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Prove the statement 1 imes 2 + 2 imes 3 + ext... + n(n+1) = racn(n+1)(n+2)3 using mathematical induction.

Mathematics

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To prove the statement 1⋅2+2⋅3+⋯+n(n+1)=n(n+1)(n+2)31 \cdot 2 + 2 \cdot 3 + \dots + n(n+1) = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{3} using mathematical induction, we follow these steps:

Let P(n)P(n) be the statement 1⋅2+2⋅3+⋯+n(n+1)=n(n+1)(n+2)31 \cdot 2 + 2 \cdot 3 + \dots + n(n+1) = \frac{n(n+1)(n+2)}{3}.

  1. Base Case (n=1n=1)

    We need to show that P(1)P(1) is true.
    Left Hand Side (LHS):

    1⋅(1+1)=1⋅2=21 \cdot (1+1) = 1 \cdot 2 = 2

    Right Hand Side (RHS):

    1(1+1)(1+2)3=1⋅2⋅33=63=2\frac{1(1+1)(1+2)}{3} = \frac{1 \cdot 2 \cdot 3}{3} = \frac{6}{3} = 2

    Since LHS = RHS, P(1)P(1) is true.

  2. Inductive Hypothesis

    Assume that P(k)P(k) is true for some positive integer kk.
    That is, assume:

    1⋅2+2⋅3+⋯+k(k+1)=k(k+1)(k+2)31 \cdot 2 + 2 \cdot 3 + \dots + k(k+1) = \frac{k(k+1)(k+2)}{3}
  3. Inductive Step

    We need to show that P(k+1)P(k+1) is true.
    That is, we need to prove:

    1⋅2+2⋅3+⋯+k(k+1)+(k+1)((k+1)+1)=(k+1)((k+1)+1)((k+1)+2)31 \cdot 2 + 2 \cdot 3 + \dots + k(k+1) + (k+1)((k+1)+1) = \frac{(k+1)((k+1)+1)((k+1)+2)}{3}

    Consider the LHS of P(k+1)P(k+1):

    1⋅2+2⋅3+⋯+k(k+1)+(k+1)(k+2)1 \cdot 2 + 2 \cdot 3 + \dots + k(k+1) + (k+1)(k+2)

    Using the inductive hypothesis, we can substitute the sum up to k(k+1)k(k+1):

    =k(k+1)(k+2)3+(k+1)(k+2)= \frac{k(k+1)(k+2)}{3} + (k+1)(k+2)

    Now, factor out the common term (k+1)(k+2)(k+1)(k+2):

    =(k+1)(k+2)(k3+1)= (k+1)(k+2) \left( \frac{k}{3} + 1 \right) =(k+1)(k+2)(k+33)= (k+1)(k+2) \left( \frac{k+3}{3} \right) =(k+1)(k+2)(k+3)3= \frac{(k+1)(k+2)(k+3)}{3}

    This matches the RHS of P(k+1)P(k+1), which is (k+1)((k+1)+1)((k+1)+2)3\frac{(k+1)((k+1)+1)((k+1)+2)}{3}.
    Thus, P(k+1)P(k+1) is true.

    By the principle of mathematical induction, the statement P(n)P(n) is true for all positive integers nn.

    The final answer is The statement is proven by mathematical induction.\boxed{\text{The statement is proven by mathematical induction.}}

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